Heineken in Cambodia

Heineken Overview of controversial telephone line practices in 2008 Sanne van der Wal & overload Bleijerveld April 2009 Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Sanne van der Wal & Rob Bleijerveld Amsterdam, April 2009 Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Colophon Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 April 2009 By Sanne van der Wal & Rob Bleijerveld Cover Design Annelies Vlasblom Funding This publication is made practicable with co-funding from the Vereniging van Beleggers voor Duurzame Ontwikkeling (VBDO) Published byStichting Onderzoek internationale Ondernemingen Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations Sarphatistraat 30 1018 GL Amsterdam The Netherlands Phone + 31 (20) 6391291 E-mail emailprotected nl Website Hwww. somo. nl This document is licensed under the originative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivateWorks 2. 5 License. 1 Introduction This company report has been prep ared by SOMO ( Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations). It provides an overview of business practices that could be regarded as unsustainable or irresponsible which occurred (or might extradite been addressed) in 2008.The overview below describes only controversial practices and not the positive achievements of a company in the same course of instruction. Information on positive achievements can usually be found in a companys annual and/or sustainability report and on the companys website. The purpose of this report is to provide additional information to shareholders and other stakeholders of a company on controversies that might or might not be observe and inform by the company itself.This report does not contain an analytic thinking of a companys corporate responsibility policies, operational aspects of corporate responsibility management, implementation systems, reporting and transparency, or total performance on any issue. For some controversies, it is indicated which standar ds or policies may take aim been violated and a brief analysis is presented. Apart from this, the report is mainly descriptive.The range of sustainability and corporate responsibility issues eligible for inclusion in this overview is relatively broad and mainly based on the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. These Guidelines are used as a general frame of reference in addition to the company-specific standards. Sources of information are mentioned in footnotes by dint ofout the report. The main sources were obtained through SOMOs global network of civil society organisations, including reports, other documents, and unpublished information.Media and company information infobases and information available via the Internet are used as secondary sources where necessary. Heineken has been informed nigh the research project in advance and was given two weeks to review the report and provide corrections of any genuine errors in the draft version. The overview of controvers ial practices in this report is not intended to be exhaustive. Instead, it focuses on a limited number of issues and cases that might merit just attention or reflection.Where information about the latest developments, every positive or negative, was unavailable, it is possible that situations described in the overview have recently changed. Taking into circular these limitations, SOMO believes that the report can be used for improvement and for a more informed assessment of a companys corporate responsibility performance. For more information, please contact SOMO SOMO (Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations) Sarphatistraat 30, 1018 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tel. 31 (0)20 6391291 Fax +31 (0)20 6391391 e-mail emailprotected nl website www. somo. nl 2 Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Precarious workings conditions of Heineken Beer sellers in Cambodia This short overview deals with only one issue the continuing bad labour and health condi tions of socalled beer sellers in Cambodia, salaried women who wear distinctive Heineken uniforms while only if selling Heineken beer in bars and restaurants, alongside those working for its partly owned partner brands (e. . , Tiger, ABC, etc), and for competitors.The work conditions of these women, who are hired by most of the international brewers and their distributors operating(a) in Cambodia 1 , have been criticised for several years, by the Cambodian NGO (Non-Governmental Organisation ) Siem Reap Citizens for Health, Educational and Social Issues (SiRCHESI) 2 . In 2002 the CEO and the Boards of some(prenominal) Heineken Breweries Ltd and Heineken Holding N. V. from here Heineken) were first notified by SiRCHESI of concerns about the health and welfare of their beer sellers, who continued, in 2008, to be at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS and alcohol- colligate health problems, who experience sexual harassment and violence at their workplaces, and who are not paid a donjon wage- a salary for a regular job on which they can support themselves and their family dependents. Press reports going back to 1998, and particularly a story in the Wall Street Journal (2000) had already clearly described the problems before social scientists began systematic data collection. Also SOMOs overview of controversial business practices of Heineken during 2006 for VBDO of April 2007 has called attention to this critical issue. 4 Recent inquiries and research in Cambodia as part of a longitudinal study (2004-2009) 5 reconfirm that these bad labour and health conditions facilitate exist. Heineken and other brands, with whom they both compete and co-operate have not made significant progress in 2007, nor in 2008 to reduce the high risks to the health and gumshoe of the women beer-sellers in Cambodia nor meet their monthly financial needs.So far, perseverance efforts to resolve these issues through the formation in late 2006 of Beer Selling Industry Ca mbodia as a professional brewers association with a code of conduct (COC) for beer sellers have failed. 1 2 3 4 5 See e. g. Heineken en promotiemeisjes in Cambodja deel A, R. Feilzer and F. P. van der Putten (p. 85-96) and F. P. van der Putten, deel B (p. 109-13), in Bedrijfsgevallen, Eds. W Dubbink and H. van Luijk (Assen forefront Gorcum, 2006). SiRCHESI website, . and ,, and . SiRCHESIs website http//www. fairtradebeer. com press reports section. Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2006, Francis Weyzig (SOMO), April 2007 Performed by Staff, volunteers ,researchers and students located in Siem Reap with SiRCHESI, or at Siem Reap Provincial AIDS Office, of University of Guelph (CA), matter means in HIV Social Research (University of New South Wales, AU), Macquarie University (Sydney, AU), University of Melbourne (AU), Australia Volunteers International, Duke University (North Carolina, US), Oxford University (Oxford, UK), University of Technology Sydney (AU), as welll as University of Maastricht, NL, National University of Singapore, and Staffordshire University (UK).Data and analyses were provided through Ian Lubek, international advisor to SiRCHESI. The SIRCHESI interviews with beer sellers were conducted either in the workplaces or during health workshops. 213 interviews were conducted from 2004-6, and 324 from 2007-9. 22 beer sellers worked for Heineken and partner brands, 57 worked for Carlsberg brands such as Angkor 56 change AB-INBEV brands, 1 sold a SAB-Miller brand, and the remaining 201 sold other brands including Dutch brands Bavaria, Hollandia, as well as Corona, San Miguel, Singha, Oettinger, Asahi, etc. 3 Below, some controversial aspects of the situation in 2008, revealed by SiRCHESI, are described. More primer data can be found on the SiRCHESI website dedicated to this issue www. ethicalbeer. com. On the same website more new details on the longitudinal study, including data for 2008-9, are published by SiRCHESI 6 as well. Low income and transparency As in 2006, SiRCHESI research 7 confirms that Heineken is not compensable a living wage in 2008.If Heineken and its Asia Pacific Breweries partner brands (Tiger, ABC, Anchor, Cheers,etc. paid their beer sellers the new industry standard (2008) of just over 8 US dollar per beer case as commission, they would earn based on SiRCHESIs observations of sales of more than 3 cases per night about 700 US dollars per month which amounts to about 10 times the current fixed salary. BSIC brand sellers are consistently paid less each month than non-BSIC brands yet increasingly sell manifold more beer each year 8 . In fact workers get less than 2. 5 percent of the sale, and face severe periodical workplace health and safety risks. Part of this positiveness for Heineken is based on the sellers own nightly consumption of about 6 percent of sales, which adds harm and risk to their working situation.For a number of years, Heineken officials reported paying b onuses to the beer servers, yet SiRCHESI interviews showed that from 2002 onwards these were not being received by the beer sellers. In fact in 2008 they reported receiving monthly earnings of 71 US dollars which is substantially lower than the 84 US dollars reported by non-BSIC sellers and the 85 US dollars Heineken headquarters reports paying 9 . SiRCHESI estimates that 71 US dollar monthly is still less than half of what would be enough to provide for them and their family dependents. This situation of underpayment first reported to Heineken executives in 2002 and unchanged ever since- puts terrible pressures on the women to support their families and to draw and quarter ends meet, compelling some to sell unsafe sex to customers in desperation to supplement insufficient income.In general it is difficult for Heineken beer sellers to know to what benefits and bonuses they are entitled because Heineken is weakness to provide beer sellers copies of their work contracts specifying working conditions, benefits such as severance pay and maternity leave, and exact earnings all, transparently. In 2008, no beer seller could show SiRCHESI a copy of their signed contract. Several Heineken beer sellers said they did have signed contracts but that these contracts had gone to the distributors Head Quarters in Cambodia. In 2008 SiRCHESI asked the distributor and BSIC for copies of these contracts they but were told they were proprietary and could not be disseminated. 6 7 8 9 See for example Ab-Inbev, Carlsberg, Heineken and other international brewers are yet again in 2008-9 behaving naughtily to women beer sellers in Cambodia, SiRECHESI, April 2009, http//www. ethicalbeer. com/read/April2009-INFO.df AND Professor criticizes international beer companies for not being proactive enough in Cambodia (2008-9) to protect their women beer sellers from hazardous, harmful, and potentially mortal workplace health and safety risks Citing recent research, he urges company executiv es, brand consumers and shareholders to implement immediate changes. , SiRCHESI, April 2009, http//www. ethicalbeer. com/read/APRIL2009Press-info. pdf This overview builds on SiRCHESI published (see footnote directly above) and unpublished information provided/communicated directly to SOMO by As Tiger Beer seller Sophea wrote to management at Cambodian Breweries Ltd. asking for a salary increase to 100 US dollars monthly Our claim is short justified. The quantity of our sales increased, and the price of beer increased too. Now it Tiger Beer is sold for 2. 90 US dollars. (Cambodge Soir, 18-25 June, 2008). Biermeisjes bezorgen Heineken hoofdpijn, Financiele Telegraaf (p. 27) 10 mei 2008 4 Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Workplace health and safety issues Heinekens HIV/AIDS policy of 2002 has promised coverage to all its workers world-wide 10 . However the company and partner brands are still not providing free HAART (highly active anti-retroviral therap y) for their HIV positive beer sellers as they do for their personnel in Africa.What compounds the situation is that most beer-sellers are before long excluded from Government ARVT (anti-retroviral therapy) programs due to Cambodia and the Global Funds inability to implement access in 2008-9 for all persons living with HIV. Simple factors such as lose of daily transportation to a distribution site mean that many beer-sellers cannot receive ARVT. In Africa Heineken has solved this problem through workplace distribution of HAART. Heineken is in any case not providing enough effective workplace health and safety education about HIV/AIDS, reproductive health and alcohol risks before employment begins. Although Heineken proactively substantial the Selling Beer Safely (SBS) Program in 2003 it has not been offered to every employee moreover, the number of beneficiaries of SBS is declining markedly.Of 224 Heineken family sellers in the SiRCHESI research sample of 2004 to 2009, 31. 2 per cent had received no health dressing at the time of the interview. It should be mentioned that this is better than the industry average of 43. 3 percent that received no health and safety training about being a beer seller. In 2004, 22 percent of Heineken or Tiger beer sellers had received SBS training. However in 2008 this share had declined to 4. 7 percent. However, when SiRCHESI asked whether they had received either the SBS or any other in-house training program 11 , BSIC beer sellers did modestly better 27. 8 percent reported in-house training, while only 8. 3 percent non-BSIC sellers reported in-house training.But the most serious criticism is the procrastination in supplying this education. Of 224 Heineken family beer sellers interviewed, 16 (7. 1 percent) received training before they started, and a further 6 (2. 7 percent) received it on the first daylight. 80/224 or 35. 7 percent had received it in the next 6 months, while the remainder had training in the next 18 months or not at all (122 or 54. 5 percent). Hence only 9. 8 percent had been given some early-warning training before or on the first day of work- about the risks and harm possible for beer-sellers themselves, damage to the fetus during pregnancy, or contraction of HIV/AIDS or a sexually transmitted infection (STI).Although the BSIC COC which Heineken claims to uphold explicitly forbids workplace drinking of alcohol, SiRCHESI found that only 6% of Heineken (7. 6% of BSIC brands) beer sellers were in fact abstaining in 2008. For those who continue to drink, the mean alcohol consumed nightly by BSIC sellers in 2008 was 1. 48 litres nightly or 6 standard drinks (N=103), while 1. 53 litres (7 standard drinks) were consumed nightly by Heineken beer family servers (N=89). All of these levels are well above levels of national guidelines for responsible drinking as set for women by 23 countries surveyed by the International Center For Alcohol Policies (ICAP) 12 including the Netherlands.This me ans that these women have an increased risk for physical (raised blood pressure, stroke, and liver cirrhosis), mental, and social problems associated with alcohol abuse. While (excessive) workplace drinking continues to be a critical issue in Cambodia it has been observed by SiRCHESI to no longer exist in nearby Singapore. 10 11 12 Heinekens HIV/AIDS Policy contribution of a private company, HEINEKEN COR P. COMMUNICATION 02 92857455 NO. 023, by Heineken International, 18 April 2002 (at http//fairtradebeer. com/reportfiles/heinekenaidspolicy2002. pdf) SiRCHESI other in house-training are mostly shorter than the 3 day SBS training some just get 1-2 hours the refresher courses International Center For Alcohol Policies (ICAP) in International Drinking Guidelines Reports 14