Management, Organization and Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management, Organization and Media - Essay Example Likewise, organizational behavior to a large aspect normally focuses on managerial and organizational behaviors within an organizational setup. The movie â€Å"the devil wears Prada† focuses on Andy who is an aspiring journalist who gets himself a job or position considered to be dream a job for many girls (Bell, Warren & Schroeder, 2013). Andrea is hired as a second assistant to Miranda Priestly, who is described as a powerful and ruthless executive of the magazine company where Andy finds her job (Champoux, 2001). To Andy, her new job position is seen as a stepping stone into the famous world of publishing and she tries her best to last in the position for a period of one year in spite of the position demanding too much from her. However, her time at the position opens up a new world for Andy for another journalist position she desires in her future. This essay, therefore examines management and organizational issues raised in the movie â€Å"The Devil Wears Prada† di rected by David Frankel in 2006 (The devil wears Prada, 2006). In the movie â€Å"the devil wears prada† issues of leaderships have been displayed in different characters and especially the main characters in the movie. Leadership can be described as the act of influencing others to follow a certain path or take a different direction from the one they choose to achieve certain set objectives (Czarniawska et al, 1994). The two characters in the movie that exudes leadership qualities are Miranda Priestly and Emily Charlton. What makes these two characters execeptional in the movie in regards to the leadership and managerial issues? Emily, who was acting as Miranda’s second in the power position, however deteriorates when Andrea Sach is appointed to occupy her position. This means that the privileges and powers she was enjoying while serving in her position are taken away, and given to someone else. Just like many

The Rule of Law and the Separation of Powers

The Rule of Law and the Separation of Powers The rule of law and the separation of powers have a particularly important role to play within the UK’s unwritten constitution. They allocate and restrain power so as to ensure that the constitutional system remains accountable and limited. It is a common observation that the UK does not have a written constitution. However, it is the existence of mechanisms such as respect for the rule of law and the operation of a (more or less) rigorous separation of powers together with devices such as constitutional conventions that allows this jurisdiction to lay claim to the existence of a constitution albeit one which is not formally recorded in a written document. Bradley and Ewing[1] analyse the rule of law by focussing upon three aspects of its operation in contemporary society: the simple maintenance of law and order; the requirement that government be conducted according to the law; the broader concept of the rule of law as a broad political doctrine which goes beyond an analysis of the operation of particular laws and encompasses the values of a free and democratic society. The â€Å"law and order† model which holds that order is better than anarchy. The difficulty with this approach is that it is possible thereunder to characterise a military dictatorship as functioning according to the rule of law since a form of order is maintained and courts may even continue to function to resolve private disputes between citizens. However, the authors make the point[2] that â€Å"†¦constitutionalism and the rule of law will not thrive unless legal restraints apply to the government.† A better approach is to examine the manner in which the courts have the ability to challenge the acts of the Executive and other public authorities. The use of judicial review to scrutinise the actions of Ministers and Government Departments is familiar. Further, in M v Home Office[3] it was even held that a Minister of the Crown could be guilty of contempt of (one of Her Majesty’s) Courts. The argument that the courts had no such powers against ministers met with a stinging rebuttal: â€Å"[This argument] would, if upheld, establish the proposition that the executive obey the law as a matter of grace and not as a matter of necessity, a proposition which would reverse the result of the Civil War.†(!) The principle has been further reinforced by the adoption of the European Convention on Human Rights which now provides a mechanism by which the very laws of this jurisdiction can be examined to ascertain their â€Å"lawfulness†. The concept of the rule of law as a broad political doctrine has generated much debate. One the one hand, it is possible to argue that the law comprises a set of absolute values distilled from centuries of legal experience; on the other it may be argued that the rule of law is a flexible concept which has to be adjusted in accordance with the prevailing social and political circumstances of the time. Professor Joseph Raz[4] argues that the rule of law is a â€Å"political ideal which a legal system may possess to a greater or lesser degree† and that it is â€Å"just one of the virtues that a legal system may possess and by which it is to be judged†. Raz therefore does not invest the rule of law with any inherent moral authority stating expressly that it â€Å"is not to be confused with democracy, justice, equality (before the law or otherwise) human rights of any kind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  While this approach may be highly respected from a jurisprudential perspective, it is of little value in understanding the operation of the rule of law in the UK constitution. A far more preferable and workmanlike analysis is that of Friedrich von Hayek in the seminal work The Road to Serfdom[5]. He propounds the thesis that the function of the rule of law is to ensure that the government is bound in all its actions by rules fixed and announced beforehand. Such a state of affairs makes it possible to predict how the government will employ its coercive powers in a given situation and to plan one’s individual affairs on this basis. Thus the rule of law in the UK constitution is founded upon certainty: laws are democratically debated and publicly promulgated and, as a general rule, do not operate retrospectively. The UK citizen is therefore protected from the â€Å"whim of the tyrant† approach to lawmaking and has the added shield of the power of the courts (domestic and European) to review government action and the validity of the laws themselves. In order for such a system to be maintained, especially in the absence of a written constitution to which recourse may be had in the event of alleged injustice (as in the USA), it is essential that there be a clear separation of powers between the three branches of government: Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. This separation is clear cut in the USA – the President forms the Executive, Congress is the Legislature and the same personnel cannot serve in both (save that the Vice-President chairs the Senate). Government action can be reviewed by the Supreme Court. In the UK, as might be expected given the historical evolution of the constitution as opposed to its imposition by a written document, there are certain anomalies and overlaps. By constitutional convention, the Prime Minister is the leader of the party with the majority in the House of Commons. Ministers of State are recruited for the most part from members of the Commons with a smaller number from the Lords. The sys tem of party political â€Å"whipping† has the result that (save in the case of occasional highly-publicised rebellions) the actions of the Legislature reflect the will of the Government of the day. The Judiciary is more demonstrably independent and some would argue that this is now the more so as a result of the steps to relocate the functions of the highest appellate court in the UK from the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords to an entirely distinguishable Supreme Court. This process has generated much political and constitutional heat. It was strenuously argued that the presence of the Law Lords in the legislative assembly of the House of Lords was offensive to the concept of separation of powers. However, defenders of the status quo pointed to the fact that their Lordships by convention scrupulously refrained from debate upon issues which were likely to come before them in their judicial function. However, Lord Bingham[6] is sceptical as to the purity of the functio n of the judiciary: â€Å"The essential function of the court is then to interpret the law which it infers that parliament intended to make or would have made if it had addressed the point at all. This is not as legislative role, nor is it a purely interpretive role, since the court may have to do a good deal more than elicit the meaning of what parliament has enacted.† The most glaring anomaly in relation to separation of powers in the UK has been the figure of Lord Chancellor. He has served as a member of the Executive by sitting in Cabinet, as a member of the Legislature by acting as Speaker of the House of Lords and as head of the Judiciary. It has been observed[7] that successive Lord Chancellors have relied upon the â€Å"characteristically English argument† that eminent public figures can by definition be trusted so that a formal separation of powers is not required. This argument was propelled to new depths of disingenuousness by Lord Irvine in 1999[8] when he suggested that the presence of the Lord Chancellor straddling all three branches of government actually safeguarded separation of powers by supplying a voice in the Executive and the Legislature that was able to speak out on behalf of judicial independence. As with the rule of law, the European influence may be argued to strengthen rather than diminish separation of powers. Lord Irvine[9] argues that: â€Å"Incorporation [of the European Convention on Human Rights] will enhance the judges’ power to protect the individual against the abuse of power by the state. We have a high quality of judicial review in this country. It has often rightly held the executive to account and improved the quality of administrative decision-making. So the concept of judges protecting the citizen and holding the executive to account is nothing new. What is new is that the judges will be given a framework by parliament within which to interpret the law.† Thus it may be concluded that, notwithstanding the lack of a written constitution, the UK citizen is protected from capricious and unlawful acts of government by respect for the rule of law. This should not be regarded as an abstract philosophical concept: the principle operates within this jurisdiction to ensure that acts of government are transparent and predictable. When they fall short of these standards, the fact that there is a demonstrable independence of Judiciary and Executive (as has been seen the independence of the Legislature from the Executive is more questionable) means that the actions of government can be challenged and, if necessary, overturned. These various constantly evolving mechanisms ensure that the exercise of power within the UK constitution is accountable and limited. Bibliography Alder, J., General Principles of Constitutional and Administrative Law, (4th Ed., 2002) Allen, M. Thompson, B., Cases and Materials on Constitutional and Administrative Law, (7th Ed., 2003) Barnett, H., Constitutional and Administrative Law, (5th Ed., 2004) Bradley, A. Ewing, K., Constitutional and Administrative Law, (13th Ed., 2003) 1 Footnotes [1] Constitutional and Administrative Law, (13th Ed., 2003), Chapter 6 [2] Op. Cit., p.96 [3] [1994] 1 AC 377 [4] Quoted in Barnett, Constitutional and Administrative Law, (5th Ed., 2004) at p.77 [5] See Barnett, Op. Cit., p.79 et seq [6] (1996/97) 7 King’s College Law Journal 15-16 [7] Alder, General Principles of Constitutional and Administrative Law, (4th Ed., 2002) at p.114 [8] Speech to the Third Worldwide Common Law Judiciary Conference, Edinburgh, 5 July 1999 [9] Constitutional Reform and a Bill of Rights, [1997] European Human Rights Law Review 483

America Needs More Immigrants Essays -- Immigrants Immigration Persua

America Needs More Immigrants America is sometimes referred to as a "nation of immigrants" because of our largely open-door policy toward accepting foreigners pursuing their vision of the American Dream. Recently, there has been a clamor by some politicians and citizens toward creating a predominantly closed-door policy on immigration, arguing that immigrants "threaten" American life by creating unemployment by taking jobs from American workers, using much-needed social services, and encroaching on the "American way of life." While these arguments may seem valid to many, they are almost overwhelmingly false, and more than likely confused with the subject of illegal immigration. In fact, immigrants actually enhance American life by creating, not taking jobs, bolster social service funds through tax payments, and bring valuable technical knowledge and skills to our country. If we are to continue to excel as a nation, the traditionalists who fear an encroachment of foreign-born Americans must learn to ac cept that we achieved our greatness as a result of being "a nation of immigrants." Â  A common argument among those opposing further immigration is that foreigners take U.S. jobs and cause unemployment among the displaced American workers. In the July 13, 1992 edition of Business Week , a poll states that sixty-two percent of non-blacks and sixty-three percent of blacks agree that "new immigrants take jobs away from American workers." This is a widely held, if erroneous belief, among Americans. However, Julian L. Simon, author of The Economic Consequences of Immigration , states: immigration does not exacerbate unemployment...Immigrants not only take jobs, but also create them. Their purchases increas... ...cent more likely...to have post-graduate educations" than Americans, according to Simon. The traditionalists opposing immigration must recognize our lives are enhanced by their knowledge and education, and that in order to "preserve our nation", they must realize we are a "nation of immigrants" and let others prove their worth. Â  The issue of immigration must be dealt with rationally, not emotionally. Facts, figures, and statistics must be studied by both sides in order to reach a decision most beneficial to our nation. Our lives are enhanced by the new jobs created by immigrants, the social service funds bolstered by their tax payments, and the valuable technical skills and knowledge brought with them. These benefits far outweigh any negative effects and prove the value of immigrants as they pursue the American Dream in our "nation of immigrants." Â  

Business Conduct in the Mining Industry Essay

Business ethics are defined as the collective values of a business organisation that can be used to evaluate whether the behaviour of the collective members of the organisation are considered acceptable and appropriate (ed. Campbell 2014). Many companies in the mining industry lack incentive to promote business conduct in line with ethical standards in regards to the fundamental principles encompassed in the Global Business Standard Codex (GBSC) (Paine et al. 2005). Such principles that should be encouraged include the principle of dignity in regards to contributing to the development of local communities and also the principles of transparency and citizenship in relation to environmental concerns. Companies in the mining sector may be motivated to contribute and improve the economic and social development of locals, respecting the dignity of Indigenous communities (Paine et al. 2005). A publication by the Australian Human Rights Commission, suggests that corporate responsibility requires the incorporation of human rights principles pertinent to a sustainable relationship between Indigenous people and mining companies, including the protection and maintenance of traditional culture. There are many corporations that strive to respect the dignity of Indigenous people through acknowledging the customary rights of and engaging with local communities to ensure that their activities positively enhance the lives of those affected by their operations (Everinghim et al. 2013). BHP Billiton is one company committed to working with local Indigenous communities by engaging frequently and openly with communities affected by their activities, and by taking the views and apprehensions of these communities into account in decision-making. The company acts diligently to avoid infringing on the rights and traditions of local communities, and has also established  numerous education initiatives, such as the Warrae Wanni Pathways to School Program in Musswellbrook, NSW, Australia to help Indigenous children and children from disadvantaged backgrounds gain access to better education (BHP Billiton 2013). By engaging with local communities consistently with human rights principles, mining companies are able to deliver enduring benefits to these communities with prospects of jobs and business from the mine, supporting a sustainable relationship with Indigenous communities and helping maintain their cultures (Cragg & Greenbaum 2012). Mining companies should create employment opportunities, promote education programs and engage in consultation processes with local communities in order to support the sustainable development of these communities (Paine et al. 2005). By cooperating with and respecting local communities and their cultures, mining companies are able to promote the sustainable development of these communities in line with the dignity principle of the GBSC. Another issue within the mining industry is that companies may not be compelled to report on their consumption of environmental resources used in their operations when mining for raw materials (Paine et al. 2005). There are many businesses around the globe that do not have appropriate provisions in place in regards to disclosing information about their consumption of natural resources and enhancing biodiversity. In a report by Cambodians for Resource Revenue Transparency (2013), many of the locals interviewed were concerned that mineral exploration by Australian mining companies would intrude on their land, devastating spiritual forests and demolish culturally significant sites because the companies had little engagement with local communities and the disclosure of information was limited. Numerous mines established in developing countries are usually more concerned with acquiring land to excavate in order to expand operations and produce profits, with little regard for the environmental impact they have on the land and surrounding communities, due to unethical decisions made with little governance (Cragg et al. 2002). Such decisions include diverting or damming rivers in order to operate the mine, moving local villages in order to exploit more land, and other unsustainable practices performed when mining raw materials (Siegel 2013). Mining companies should be legally required to disclose how their activities impact the land on and around  which they operate and be accountable for any adverse environmental issues that arise from such activities, leading to a dramatic decrease in unethical practices in the mining industry (Northcott 2012). A lack of emphasis on the principle of transparency in the mining industry may lead to the unsustainable use of resources and the degradation of land surrounding mines because companies are currently not required to disclose information about their operations. Some companies in the mining industry, however, are seen to promote ethical practices regarding resource usage and environmental impact in line with the citizenship principle encompassed in the GBSC (Paine et al. 2005). These companies place a high regard for the protection and sustainable development of the natural environment on lands on which they operate and abroad. Mining companies operating in Australia are governed by stringent regulations on their operating activities and are encouraged to constructively engage in tackling greenhouse gas emissions, efficiently using energy and preserving the biodiversity of ecosystems (Siegel 2013). Mining giant, BHP Billiton is committed to being a responsible steward of natural resources by implementing energy efficiency and green-house gas reduction projects, and aiding the rehabilitation of disturbed areas used in operations (BHP Billiton 2013). Through their interactions with natural resources, mining companies can act as responsible citizens of the community by aspiring to protect and deliver lasting benefits to the environment and communities through the improvement natural resource management and the reduction greenhouse gas emissions (Worrell & Appleby 2000). Mining companies should be activist on issues such as environmental impact, ensure their activities clean up any environmental damage caused by operations and strive for the sustainable management of natural resources (Paine et al. 2005). While there are numerous companies involved in mining that promote the responsible and sustainable use of land and resources, acting as responsible citizens of the nation in which they operate, there is growing need for the citizenship principle to be further enforced to offer guidance for other mining companies across the globe in regards to how their activities should not cause further environmental damage. The promotion and implementation of ethical standards within the mining industry is essential in order to ensure corporate decisions are made to encompass moral values. Mining activities resulting from business decisions have a wide impact on not only themselves, but also on the wider community and the environment, spurring the need to adopt a code of conduct encompassing the principles outlined in the Global Business Standard Codex (Paine et al. 2005). References Type your reference list in alphabetical order author’s LAST/SURNAME below: Appleby, MC Worrell, R 2000, ‘Stewardship of natural resources: definition, ethical and practical aspects’, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 263-277, viewed 31 March 2014, Australian Human Rights Commission 2002, ‘Corporate Responsibility – Developing principles on Resource Development on Indigenous land: Human Rights Based Approach to Mining on Aboriginal Land’, viewed 25 May 2014, BHP Billiton, BHP Billiton sustainability report 2013, viewed 25 May 2014, Cambodians for Resource Revenue Transparency April 2013, ‘Transparency and minerals development in Cambodia: the cases of OZ Minerals and BHP Billiton,’ viewed 25 May 2014, Cragg, W & Greenbaum, A 2002, ‘Reasoning about responsibilities: mining company managers on what stakeholders are owed’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 319-35, viewed 31 March 2014, Everingham, J, Rifkin, W, Collins, N 2013, ‘Indigenous enterprise initiative’, Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining, The University of Queensland, viewed 8 May 2014, Northcott, MS 2012, ‘Artificial persons against nature: environmental governmentality, economic corporations, and ecological ethics’, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 12491, no.1, pp. 104-17, viewed 8 May 2014,< https://vuws.uws.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-998577-dt-content-rid 12774999_1/courses/200336_2014_aut/1%20Assessments/Req%20Readings/Northcott%20%282012%29.pdf> Paine, L, Desphande, R, Margolis, JD, Bettcher, KE 2005, ‘Up to code: does your company’s conduct meet world-class standards?’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 83, no. 12, pp. 122-33, viewed 8 May 2014, Siegel, S 2013, ‘The missing ethics in mining,’ Ethics and international affairs, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 3-17, viewed 8 May 2014, Vuws database, DOI 10.1017/S0892679412000731. Stanwick, P & Stanwick, S 2014, ‘The foundation of ethical thought’, in N Campbell (ed.) Business academic skills, 5th edn, Pearson Australia, Sydney, pp. 48-58

Investigatory Project Essay

1. Get an idea. All of the following steps will base on your idea. Make sure it doesn’t break any rule or else you might get disqualified. You can search for it if you don’t have any idea. 2. Form a title. Usually titles are in a form of a question. This are examples. The question can start in how, does and many other. Does temperature affect the growth of molds? Does salt affect the density of water? 3. Research your idea. You have to know your idea more. You can do this by reading, surfing the Internet or discussing it. Knowing your idea more will help you construct your work. 4. Form a hypothesis. Hypothesis will be your prediction in the idea that you choose. You don’t need to research for this. You just have to guess. Make sure it is accurate and clear. 5. Plan your experiment. Your experiment will confirm your hypothesis. Make sure the experiment will answers or really confirms the hypothesis. 6. Plan your materials. You will need on your experiment. Make sure they are easy to buy and cheap. As much as possible, plan materials that is already in your house. 7. Test your experiment. Use the steps that you have planed. If all else fails try a different step or a different material. If you really want to win the science fair, this will be a big step for you. 8. Observe the result. Sometimes it is in a form of a graph but it depends on your work. You can write it in a journal so you can review it. 9. Have a conclusion. Now that you have confirmed your hypothesis, it’s time to write a conclusion. You can answer the question in your title. You may also tell if your hypothesis is correct or not. Again, make sure it is accurate and clear. Most of us have conducted an investigatory science project without even knowing it—or at least without knowing that’s what it was called. Most science experiments performed, from elementary to high school students and all the way up to professional scientists, are investigatory projects. What’s an Investigatory Project Exactly? An investigatory project is basically any science experiment where you start with an issue or problem and conduct research or an investigation to decide what you think the outcome will be. After you’ve created your hypothesis or  proposal, you can conduct a controlled experiment using the scientific method to arrive at a conclusion. What’s the Scientific Method? Remember, however, that a successful investigatory science project does not necessarily have to result in the intended outcome. The purpose of these projects is to think critically, and if the solution doesn’t work out, that doesn’t mean your project will fail. What Kind of Investigatory Projects Are There? In order to conduct a great investigatory experiment, you have to ask an interesting question and be able to conduct an experiment that can hopefully answer that question. The harder and more intriguing the initial question is, the better the resulting investigation and experiment will be. I’ve listed a few examples below of some of the best investigatory experiments out there, so hopefully you’ll have no problem coming up with an idea. Project #1: Making Soap Out of Guava Basic hygiene should be available to everyone, but what about people who live in areas without easy access to grocery stores or pharmacies? This is a great question that makes you think about scientific alternatives to store-bought soap. Below is an example project that creates soap from guava leaf extract and sodium hydroxide, but there’s no shortage of materials you can use to replace the guava, like coconut oil or a fat like lard, butter or even the grease from your kitchen. Doing an investigatory project considers as a major achievement of any students in Science. Through scientific investigation, they learn how to apply the acquired knowledge, scientific concepts, theories, principles and laws of nature. They can use their higher-order process or thinking skills in conducting a research. Let us provide you a brief description of the parts of the Science Investigatory Project Report below. Title The Title should be clear and precise. It has an objective or purpose. It should not be written too long or too short. By just reading the title, you can determine what the investigative study is all about. Abstract The Abstract should be one or two paragraphs only. It includes your research problems, the method or procedure that you used and the findings or conclusion of the study. Chapter I 1. Introduction and Its Background The Introduction is about one page only wherein it includes the background of the study and its rationale. It usually leads into the research problem. 2. Statement of the Problem The Statement of the Problem has two categories namely: the general problem and specific problems. Usually, one general problem and three specific problems which derived from the general problem. The research problems should be specific, reliable,valid, measurable, objectively stated. It can be a question form or in a declarative statement. 3. Formulation of the Hypothesis The Formulation of the Hypothesis has two types namely: the null hypothesis and affirmative hypothesis. Hypotheses is a scientific guess which intends subject for thorough investigation. It is recommended to use null hypothesis in your research project. 4. Significant of the Study The Significant of the Study indicates how important is your investigatory project for the people, environment and community as a whole. It is really relevant in the changing world or global impact into the field of technology. 5. Scope and Delimitation of the Study The Scope and Delimitation of the Study covers the range of your research. It includes the period of research, the materials and equipment to be used, the subject of the study or the sample of the study, the procedure and the statistical treatment to be used. 6. Definition of Terms The Definition of Terms has two types: the Dictionary-derived definitions and the Operational definitions which derived from how these terms were used in your research. Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies Related Literature The Related Literature are statements taken from science books, journals, magazines, newspapers and any documents from authorized scientists, Science experts or well-known Science agencies. These statements can support your study through their concepts, theories, principles and laws. Footnoting is important on this part. Related Studies The Related Studies are those researches which may be local and foreign studies who can attribute to your research or can support your investigation scientifically. Footnoting is also important on this part. Chapter III Methodology has several parts namely: the subject of the study, the procedure and the statistical treatment 1. The Subject of the Study The Subject of the Study includes your population and the sample. It applies the sampling techniques to obtain a good sample of the study. Your sample should be valid and reliable. 2. The Procedure The Procedure is the step by step and systematic process of doing your research. It includes the materials with right amount of measurements, the appropriate equipment to be used in doing the scientific investigation. It consists of several trials with control variables, independent variables and dependent variables. Gathering of data is essential in any kind of research. It is recommended to use control and experimental set-ups to arrive at valid conclusion. 3. The Statistical Treatment The Statistical Treatment comes in various ways. It can be mean, median, mode, percentage, Chi-square, standard deviation, T-test, Pearson r, Spearman rank or Anova I or Anova II. It is recommended to use T-test in any experimental research. Chapter IV Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data 1. Presentation of Data, Analysis and Interpretation of Data The data gathered should be presented in order to be analyzed. It may be presented in two forms namely: through table or graph. You may use both of them if you want to clearly figure out your data. A table has labels with quantity, description and units of measurement. Graph has several types namely the  line graph, bar graph, pie graph and pictograph. Choose what type of graph that you prefer to use. Analyze the data that had been gathered, presented in table or graph scientifically. You interpret the data according to what had been quantified and measured. The numerical data should be interpreted clearly in simple and descriptive statements. 2. Results Results show the findings or outcomes of your investigation. The result must be based according to the interpreted data. Chapter V Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 1. Summary The Summary briefly summarizes your research from Chapter I to Chapter IV which includes the research problems, methodology and findings. It consists of one or two paragraphs only. 2. Conclusion The Conclusion is the direct statement based on findings or results. It should answer your hypothesis and research problems. 3. Recommendation The Recommendation is given based on your conclusion. You may give few recommendations which you think can help the fellow Science students, researchers, consumers or the entire community where people live in.

A Look at My Community essays

A Look at My Community essays The word 'population' is defined as a group of people who live in a particular town, area, or country. For example the population of the United States is around three hundred and fourteen million people. A community, however, "is a unified body of people with common interests living in a particular area" (Epidemiology Foundations). The community I live in is North Buffalo on Norwalk Ave. The people that live here are hardworking people, whom for the most part treat each other nicely and with respect. After doing a 10 block search of my neighborhood and growing up here for 21 years, I discovered some very interesting facts. The ten block radius that I defined includes my street Norwalk Ave, Tacoma Ave, Saranac Ave, Hertel Ave, Linden Ave, Colvin Blvd, and few other streets. In my community there is a somewhat diverse population, we have African Americans, Latinos, and a few Irish people. But for the most part my community is pre dominantly white Italian-Americans. There is a good mix of families and older residents, all though from what I have seen I do believe there are a bit more families. I think it has a lot to do with the weather in Buffalo, most senior citizens don't like living in cold weather climates. In my community there a good number of medical services. There is Sisters Hospital located on Main Street, which are about five blocks from Hertel Ave and the closest to my house. There is also Millard Fillmore Hospital on Maple Rd. in Williamsville, Women and Children's Hospital on Bryant St, and a plethora of other medical institutions that are a maybe a ten to fifteen minute drive from my house. There is also Delaware Pediatrics which is located on Delaware Ave, a ten minute walk from Norwalk Ave., they specialize in children, I should know I was patient there for eighteen years. There are two fire departments located in very close distance to my house. The first one is at 860 Hertel Ave and has been around since 2005....

How to Write a Book Report A Proven Step-by-Step Instruction

How to Write a Book Report A Proven Step-by-Step Instruction Writing a book report is a relatively easy assignment. This type of writing is believed to be common for K-12 students and is more of a technical assignment requiring narration and summing up of book contents. Book reports don’t usually require in-depth analysis and serve primarily to hone students’ writing skills and help them learn to structure information properly. Book report format consists of three major elements: introduction, body, and conclusion. TOP 25 BOOK REPORT IDEAS The next step is to provide in-depth analysis of the characters, plot, themes, motives etc. Generally, if you come up with a book report while you were asked for a book review, you’re in trouble and your grade is very likely to go down. The opposite situation is less harmful, however still undesirable. Therefore you need to pay close attention to what you are required to write and stick to the assignment criteria if you want to succeed. To demonstrate how to write a book report, let’s take some simple piece of writing and prepare a book report based on our easy 10 step book report template. For greater convenience, let’s try to write a book report based on the short story â€Å"The Gift of the Magi† by O’Henry. Book Report Outline: Sample Book Report What is the title of the book? Who is the author of the book? When was the book written? Who was it published by? What kind of literature is it? The â€Å"Gift of the Magi† is a short story by O’Henry that was first published on December 10, 1906, in the New York Sunday World Magazine. The short story was written when O’Henry’s popularity was at its peak, and despite its literary shortcomings, has enjoyed long literary life for more than a century. Characters The two main characters in this story are Jim and Della, a young married couple, who is going through times of financial difficulty. Brief Plot Summary The story unfolds on the day before Christmas and we find both spouses wanting to make Christmas gifts to each other, but being unable to afford them. Della has gorgeous hair and decides to cut and sell it in order to buy Jim a chain that he could use for his pocket watch. Jim too, looking for a way to buy a Christmas gift for his beloved wife, decides to sell his watch and buy Della a set of hair combs. Jim and Della learn that both had to sacrifice their most precious belongings. O’Henry compares them to the Magi, who put each other’s interests higher than their own, making sacrifices in the name of their loved ones. Themes The main themes of this short story are love, sacrifice, money. This is a short book report sample that shows how to write a book report. It might differ depending on your school and your professor. If you have a model book report and you need help with it, we will happily help you to work through it. is available 24/7 for all customer inquiries. Just place an order right now and we will gladly help you.

Conversation Using Reported Speech Lesson Plans

Conversation Using Reported Speech Lesson Plans Reported speech is also known as indirect speech and is commonly used in spoken conversations to report what others have said. A keen grasp of correct tense usage, as well as the ability to correctly shift pronouns and time expressions, is essential when using  reported speech. The use of reported speech is especially important at higher English levels. Students  are fine-tuning their communication skills to include expressing the ideas of others, as well as their own opinions. Students usually need to focus not only on the grammar involved but also on production skills. Reported speech includes some rather tricky transformations that need to be practiced repeatedly before students feel comfortable using reported speech in everyday conversations. Finally, make sure to point out that reported speech is generally used with the verbs say and tell in the past.   Hell help him with the homework. - She told me he would help me with my homework.   However, if the reporting verb is conjugated in the present tense, no reported speech changes are necessary. Im going to Seattle next week. - Peter says hes going to Seattle next week.   Lesson Outline Aim: Developing reported speech grammar and productions skills Activity: Introduction and written reporting activity, followed by spoken practice in the form of a questionnaire Level: Upper-intermediate Outline: Introduce/review reported speech by making simple statements and asking students to report what you have said. Make sure to emphasize reporting in the past (i.e., the teacher said, NOT the teacher says)Provide review sheet of principle reported speech transitions (included in lesson printout pages)Have students get into pairs and convert the reported speech paragraph into the direct speech form.Correct worksheet as a class.Ask students to divide up into new pairs and ask each other questions from the questionnaire. Remind them to take notes on what their partners say.Have students divide into new pairs and ask them to report what they have learned about the other students to their new partner (i.e., John said he had lived in Breubach for two years).Follow-up with class conversation focusing on problematic tense transformations. Reported Speech Study the following chart carefully. Notice how reported speech is one step back into the past from direct speech. Tense Quote Reported Speech present simple I play tennis on Fridays. He said he played tennis on Fridays. present continuous Theyre watching TV. She said they were watching TV. present perfect Shes lived in Portland for ten years. He told me she had lived in Portland for ten years. present perfect continuous Ive been working for two hours. He told me he had been working for two hours. past simple I visited my parents in New York. She told me she had visited her parents in New York. past continuous They were preparing dinner at 8 oclock. He told me they had been preparing dinner at 8 oclock. past perfect I had finished in time. He told me he had finished in time. past perfect continuous She had been waiting for two hours. She said she had been waiting for two hours. future with will Ill see them tomorrow. He said he would see them the next day. future with going to Were going to fly to Chicago. He told me they were going to fly to Chicago. Reported Speech Reference Time Expression Changes Time expressions such as at the moment are also changed when using reported speech. Here are some of the most common changes: at the moment / right now / now -  at that moment / at that time Were watching TV right now. - She told me they were watching TV at that time. yesterday - the previous day / the day before I bought some groceries yesterday. - He told me he had bought some groceries the previous day. tomorrow - the following day / the next day Shell be at the party tomorrow. - She told me she would be at the party the next day. Exercise 1: Put the following paragraph in the reported speech into the  conversational form using direct speech  (quotes). Peter introduced me to Jack who said he was pleased to meet me. I replied that it was my pleasure  and that I hoped Jack was enjoying his stay in Seattle. He said he thought Seattle was a beautiful city, but that it rained too much. He said that he had been staying at the Bayview Hotel for three weeks and that it hadnt stopped raining since he had arrived. Of course, he said, this wouldnt have surprised him if it hadnt been July! Peter replied that he should have brought warmer clothes. He then continued by saying that he was going to fly to Hawaii the following week, and he that he couldnt wait to enjoy some sunny weather. Both Jack and I commented that Peter was a lucky person indeed. Exercise 2: Ask your partner the following questions making sure to take good notes. After you have finished the questions, find a new partner and report what you have learned about your first partner using reported speech. What is your favorite sport and how long have you been playing/doing it?What are your plans for your next vacation?How long have you known your best friend? Can you give me a description of him/her?What kind of music do you like? Have you always listened to that kind of music?What did you use to do when you were younger that you dont do anymore?Do you have any predictions about the future?Can you tell me what you do on a typical Saturday afternoon?What were you doing yesterday at this time?Which two promises will you make concerning learning English?

The Unreported Facts about Building Seven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Unreported Facts about Building Seven - Essay Example In the mainstream news it was cited that this building had been burning shortly after the planes hit the Twin Towers. As such, the collapse is attributed to the structural damage from the collapsing towers coupled with the prolonged fire which affected the fuel stores for emergency generators (Glanz). In addition, the United States government published a report that aims to clarify the issue pertaining to the collapse of Building 7 despite the fact that it was not hit by hijacked airliners unlike the two ill-fated towers. According to the published report, there were no known casualties due to the collapse. Furthermore, it concurs with the mainstream news that the collapse is primarily due to the fire rather than any impact damage from the collapsing towers. However, the report admits that prior to the 9/11 tragedy, there is minimal record of fire-induced collapse of large fire-protected steel buildings. Apart from this, the report also mentions that the study conducted regarding the structural design and construction features of Building 7 needs to be confirmed by further studies and analysis (Gilsanz, DePaola, Marion & Nelson). Due to some disconcerting observations with regard to the collapse of Building 7, some have formulated

Trends in contemporary society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Trends in contemporary society - Essay Example The study found that some ethnic minorities such as Black African, Pakistani and Bangladeshi men enjoyed increased employment rates. This is attributed to improvement made in their educational attainment. However, the study finds that there remains a wide gap in the employment of Black Africans, Black Caribbeans, Pakistani and Bangladeshi men. Additionally the women from minority ethnic groups also faced an employment gap when compared with white women. The study shows that Pakistani and Bangladeshi women’s employment rates remained considerably low at less than 30%. The relationship between high educational attainment and job opportunities has elicited more investment in education for ethnic minorities, thus promising a high return in the terms of employment. The study also found that living in deprived areas reduced employment prospects for ethnic minorities more than it did for whites. Another finding is that the self-employment rates fell for Chinese and Indians. However, self-employment remained unchanged for Bangladeshi and Pakistani men. The study finds that there was general improvement in terms of paid work, where ethnic minorities had a higher occupational attainment. ... In 2001, the Minority ethnic community in the UK comprised about 8% of the country’s entire population. The factors that characterise ethnic minorities include: geographical areas of residence, younger age structures and specific group traits. Most Black Africans, Black Caribbean’s and Bangladeshis live in London. The Pakistan are the most evenly dispersed ethnic minority group in the UK (Gregg and Wardsworth, 2011). As of 2001, Indians make up most of the minorities population (2% of the entire population) or one fourth of the minority population. The Pakistanis accounted for 16% of the ethnic minority population and Black Caribbean minorities accounted for 12% of the same. Black Africans representation among the UK minority population was at 10% while that of Bangladeshis and Chinese was 6% and 5% respectively (Li, 2008). People from each of these minority groups came into Britain with different cultures, economic backgrounds and different educational backgrounds. All these combined to shape how the different communities fitted into the British employment environment. Labour statistics show that various ethnic communities living in Britain all have different employment data. For instance, a higher percentage of Black Africans are in employment than either Bangladeshi or Pakistani. The employment situation of ethnic groups in the UK is characterised by high levels of unemployment and low pay (Dex and Lindley, 2007). A study by Li (2008) shows that White British men have a higher probability (80%) of being employed than men from minority groups. Indians followed closely on the probability scale with 78%. Chinese had the lowest probability of being employed with a score of slightly less than 59%. Pakistani and Bangladeshi men also scored lowly on the

Influence of Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Influence of Global Warming - Essay Example Influence of Global Warming An increase in the greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere can been attributed to human pollutants which are seriously changing the earth’s climate on a large scale. The warming of the earth is a result of industrialization where factories are excessively emitting greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide and many others. The millions of cars are also responsible for the emissions of these greenhouse gasses. The greenhouse gasses are responsible for making a layer which insulates the atmosphere and this traps excessive heat from the sun which prevents it from being reradiated back into the space. This results in the generation of more warmth which is commonly referred to as global warming. Global warming in itself is not very wrong but the major cause for concern is the amount of greenhouse gasses emitted which is excessive and has resulted in some of the coldest parts of the earth getting hot to the extent that glaciers are beginning to melt. This causes the levels of the sea to r ise since the quantity of water will be increased which can lead to the displacement of people from their homes. It can be noted that the aspect of global warming is topical issue that has influenced debate across the whole globe. Basically, global warming is the excessive heating of the atmosphere as a result greenhouse gas emissions which will trap excess outward bound heat from radiating into space.

The five forces analysis for Morrisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The five forces analysis for Morrisons - Essay Example This research will begin with the description of bargaining power of buyers. Buyers have fairly strong bargaining power because they have a vast range of choices.   Prices are highly competitive so buyers can easily switch to other brands without any loss. The cost of switching is particularly low for products that are standardized and offer little differentiating features. Around 94% of the customers have a choice of at least three supermarkets at their disposal within a time frame of 15 minutes. Suppliers in this sector have fairly weak bargaining power due to strong brand presence of supermarkets. Suppliers fear the risk of losing their contracts with the large supermarkets, including Morrisons. Therefore, it is an easy task for such retailers to lock in suppliers at low costs. Furthermore, the industry is fragmented and retailers find themselves doing the role of middlemen and manage to rack up huge profits. Stores in convenience market may be substitutes; however, ever since t he retail stores have diversified into the convenience sector this threat is decreasing. There has been growing protest towards the use of hormonal or genetically modified products over the last few years. It is estimated that the market for organic foods in U.K is worth  £2 billion and is expected to grow in coming years. Hence, convenience stores as well as shops selling organic food may be potential substitutes but this risk is mitigated when large supermarkets buy these out. Morrisons, however, does not have any plan in expanding into this sector. Food experts such as butchers may also be substitutes; however, due to the ease of shopping and greater variety of grocery sector, this threat too is diminishing (Don Edwards & Associates Ltd., 2007). Overall, the threat of substitutes is fairly large for non-food offerings and fairly low for food offerings. 4. Competitive Rivalry Competition remains intense with the top 3 players including Asda, Tesco and Sainsbury’s. Me-too strategies have been widely adopted, such as that of Asda’s low price range strategy ( (Don Edwards & Associates Ltd., 2007). There is evidence of price wars between the top 4 players. Rivalry in the U.K supermarkets industry remains high although the industry itself is not growing. The U.K supermarkets industry is at the maturity stage of its lifecycle, growing at a rate far less than that of GDP and aggregate spending (Lancaster & Massingham, 2011). Fixed costs of this industry are high which can be potential barriers to entry of new firms (Lancaster & Massingham, 2011). Barriers to entry are potentially high with small retailers unable to compete. , unlike its three larger rivals Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury's, Morrison’s does not have an internet home shopping business (Zentes et al., 2007). This could put the company on the backburner as e-commerce is an ever-growing business as it gives greater convenience to customers along with a potential to tap international mar kets. Also it does not have a loyalty card scheme such as Club card which Tesco has uses to track consumer trends and offer lapsing customers discounts (Thompson & Martin, 2010). Loyalty cards keep the regular customers coming back in that they use it to trace customer’s demographic profile which can go a long way in targeting the right products in advertising. Furthermore, by offering discounts the company has the opportunity to induce repeat purchases from its customers. Furthermore, unlike Tesco, Asda and Sainsbury's, Morrison’s does not have a meaningful non-food offer (Thompson & Martin, 2010) . The company does not have enough diversification at present. Greater variety of products (non-food

Internal Policies (Accounting Ethics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internal Policies (Accounting Ethics) - Essay Example The basis of all the policies for having a successful business contract is that of privacy and confidentiality. The details of the clients are not divulged in any way. The draft can be as follows: After potential offers have been received from the external parties for business contracts, our internal department of quality control goes through all the possible nooks or corners of the proposal that verifies the proposal and intention of the clients After the initial verifications, the assigned department of the firm indulges into in-house analysis of the proposed contract and checks all the clauses and subsections. Also, the department looks into the expected benefit of the organisation from the proposed contact Along with the above policies, the most important factor remains that of confidentiality and privacy as sharing intricate, explicit and implicit details of our present future, past or would have been clients are against the ethics practised by our firm Our firms basically use electronic communication system to maintain the two-way flow of communication with their clients and for official uses. We use emails to get their clients’ up – to - date information and details with the present status of their assignments. Various accounting softwares are also used to maintain the accounts of the clients. With the improvements of the technology, nowadays all filling of firms and reporting are being done by the internet. The example of corporate filing can take into consideration which needs online filling with Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Even various forms are to be filled up online. Therefore, the policies for electronic communication of the accounting firms should be strong enough. While assigning a project, the clients always provide some documents and information to the accounting firm. It may be in paper format or electronic format but they have to retain all those document safely. They must ensure that the valuable doc uments

Choose from the list below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choose from the list below - Essay Example Consequently, the dominance and prevalence of such cultural orthodoxy can lead towards an objection of censorship occurrence, even in instances when acts of censorship are justifiable for a common good. The assumption regarding the intrinsic and ‘untouchable’ value within the freedom of speech connotes a level of danger which promotes harm to a person and the society in general (Post, 65). The subsequent sections within this essay will present a well defined justification of censorship through elaborating on common good cases. Furthermore, the reasons presented will seek to offer compelling explanations that censorship is perfectly in tandem with the human precinct of freedom of expression. To this end, historical evidence will be adduced as support towards acts of censorship. Consequently, the reasons will allude into showing that, had extension of censorship been granted, then heinous wrongdoings and injustices would have been avoided. Reflections on Justifiable act of Censorship. The extensive control interventions employed by the British state during World War 2 offers a perfect example of a just act of censorship. Evidently, the Emergency Powers Act in 1939 was established so as to justify detentions of persons in the event that such detention would promote security defences of the British state. The statement within the act extended beyond Nazi sympathisers and consequently appeared culpable to abuse by the state. However, the motivation behind the act was to prevent sympathizers or activism of Nazism from demonstrating such acts and threatening the British sovereignty(Post, 32). The opponents of such acts of censorship may argue that a functioning democracy requires all dissenting voices to be heard. Moreover, the validity of such statements may be justified during war time that is aggressive, or in instances where defeat does not led to denial of sovereignty or freedom(Post, 33). However, these circumstances were not reflective of World War 2. Evidently, the British were engaged in a defensive war whereby an expansive territory of Europe was under the Nazis (Post, 43). Consequently, the function of democracies had been halted. Wartime censorship places its strength in its capacity of information blackout to the enemy, element of surprise in war tactics, as well as maintenance of morale in the home front. Consequently, the censorship act assisted the British country in avoiding the advances and infiltration of Nazi imperialism and essentially contributed towards the preservation of British democracy. In addition, the censorship was justifiable since it protected the vulnerable British citizens from persecution by the Nazi government. Another example of justifiable censorship is in relation to the censorship in revolutionary Cuba. Evidently, in trying to justify the censorship existing in Cuba, many critics will vehemently rush to use the intrinsic democratic right of freedom of speech in levelling scathing attacks agai nst the Cuban system. However, in defending the Cuban system of censorship it is equally valid to assess it legitimacy in protection the ideological doctrines of the Cuban society. To this end, an analysis of the practical achievements of such censorship is necessary. Through the drawing of parallels between the British situation during World War 2, it is evident that the Cuban censorship have been precipitated by threats from an external enemy. Following the Cuban revolution in 1961,

Internal Policies (Accounting Ethics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internal Policies (Accounting Ethics) - Essay Example The basis of all the policies for having a successful business contract is that of privacy and confidentiality. The details of the clients are not divulged in any way. The draft can be as follows: After potential offers have been received from the external parties for business contracts, our internal department of quality control goes through all the possible nooks or corners of the proposal that verifies the proposal and intention of the clients After the initial verifications, the assigned department of the firm indulges into in-house analysis of the proposed contract and checks all the clauses and subsections. Also, the department looks into the expected benefit of the organisation from the proposed contact Along with the above policies, the most important factor remains that of confidentiality and privacy as sharing intricate, explicit and implicit details of our present future, past or would have been clients are against the ethics practised by our firm Our firms basically use electronic communication system to maintain the two-way flow of communication with their clients and for official uses. We use emails to get their clients’ up – to - date information and details with the present status of their assignments. Various accounting softwares are also used to maintain the accounts of the clients. With the improvements of the technology, nowadays all filling of firms and reporting are being done by the internet. The example of corporate filing can take into consideration which needs online filling with Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Even various forms are to be filled up online. Therefore, the policies for electronic communication of the accounting firms should be strong enough. While assigning a project, the clients always provide some documents and information to the accounting firm. It may be in paper format or electronic format but they have to retain all those document safely. They must ensure that the valuable doc uments

Media Violence Begets Societal Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Violence Begets Societal Violence - Essay Example Violence incorporates any social behaviour that has intent to harm another person, and includes physical violence, verbal abuse, aggressive behaviour and intimidation; all of which are exposed to children from a very young age within their own homes. How often do we read about children as young as seven or eight seriously harming a younger child; not so long ago it was reported in the media that a boy of around that age murdered a toddler. Nobody could understand how such a terrible thing could occur. The child had grown up within a loving and caring family; there was no evidence of violence in the home and violence had not been identified as a trait throughout the history of either parents. Yet, the fact is, this young child had not only contemplated the idea of serious physical abuse but actually knew how to go about it. It is difficult to suppose that such behaviour and such sordid knowledge was innate or instinctive. It is common knowledge that humans at the top of the evolutiona ry ladder are actually born devoid of instinct, unlike other animals, and only survive based on the care of a mother. Children as they grow up learn by imitation and copying what they see and parents and teachers reinforce them when the behaviour is appropriate. The child therefore, must have been exposed to such display and if it was not within the family and school, the only avenue left open is the media. When considering fictitious violence on the television or in other media, we find that it is glamourised; yes we have the bad characters that get caught and pay the price, but more often than not the heroes of the program are also involved with violence that is condoned with no reprimand. Victims are rarely portrayed as any real victim, the real damage and long term effects of violence are not revealed so again to some extent even the victims are glamourised. Violence that is presented with humour has even more potential for adverse effects on children because it is trivialized u nder the guise of humour. Cartoons are a prime example, wherein we find violence that is quite fierce, with the executor in an appealing role and the victim although suffering a plethora of violent actions never really suffering or dying. Such fantasy in the mind of very young children must pose potential threat; they are not always able to distinguish the difference between reality and fantasy. Violence among adolescents and young adults is increasing; we only have to look on the streets of most cities in the world to witness thuggery, gang warfare, rape and murder. Many people blame this upsurge of social violence on drugs, unemployment and poverty; while there is no denying that such factors have impacted on social harmony and that there are significantly more reports of street violence today than there was twenty or thirty years ago because of drug abuse and other negative social and economical issues, media violence must also play a part. Media itself has illustrated that altho ugh many adults take drugs, are unemployed and live in poverty the rate of violence and abuse for adult populations, at least within developed countries, has not increased

Theory of Planned Behaviour Experiment Design

Theory of Planned Behaviour Experiment Design Project plan and questionnaire design for a practical experiment based on the theory of planned behaviour Introduction This experiment was designed to test the role of attitude in the outcome of a particular behaviour. The particular behaviour to be tested in this experiment was student class attendance. The hypothesis was that the more positive the attitudinal variables were, the more likely the behaviour outcome would be. This was assumed to be reflected in the intentions of the participants. The question posed was, does attitude affect the intention for class attendance? The role of attitude with regard to behaviour has been a concern of psychology for a number of years. Azjen and Fishbein’s theory of reasoned action was first introduced as a model reflecting the relationship between attitude and behaviour (1975). This took into account two variables, called the subjective norm and the attitude. These were seen as indicators of intention from which behaviour could be measured as an outcome. This concept was later revised to incorporate a third variable as yet another indicator of intention. This variable was called the perceived behavioural control. With these three variables informing the intention from which behaviours are an outcome, the theory of planned behaviour was born (Azjen, 1988, 1991). It is from this model that an attitudinal questionnaire was constructed to answer the question that this experiment posed. Method This experiment was designed to quantitatively test the intention of class attendance from a random sample of student participants. The intention of the participant’s behaviour was to be measured against the attitudes that the students had towards class attendance. In accordance to Azjen’s theory of planned behaviour, a questionnaire was drawn up to test the attitudinal beliefs towards class attendance and to compare the findings to their intention to attend. The questionnaire was broken down into two sections. The first section asked four questions regarding the participant’s intention towards attending class. This was to be answered by the participants on a scale ranging from one, most negative, to seven, most positive (Likert, 1932). The second section asked three sets of attitudinal questions. These were also to be answered on a Likert scale of one to seven. The questions used were based upon the three attitudinal variables inherent to the theory of action; a ttitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. These questions were divided into the three relevant groups. Each group of questions was then alternated between two types of sub question. In the attitude group these questions were alternated between outcome beliefs and outcome evaluations. In the subjective norm group these were alternated between normative beliefs and motivation to comply. In the perceived behavioural control group these were alternated between perceived capability and perceived controllability. The answers from the attitudinal questions were then to be correlated with the results of the intention questions. This was believed to give quantitative insight into the question posed from the outset of this experiment. Questionnaire This questionnaire has been designed to find out the relationship between attitude and intention and its relationship to class attendance. As a participant, you will be one 50 students chosen at random to complete this questionnaire. All that is asked of you is to complete this questionnaire honestly so that we can gather the data required to facilitate our findings. You do not need to disclose your name or details. Your cooperation with this questionnaire is greatly appreciated and we would be happy to answer any further questions after completion. Section 1. Please answer these questions on your intention to attend class on a scale of one to seven. 1. Do you intend to attend class over the coming semester? Not at all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Entirely 2. Do you wish to fully attend class over the coming semester? No, I do not wish to attend class at all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Yes, I fully intend to 3. Please state how much you intend to be in class over the next semester (remember: a judge on the scale of 1 to 7, where 1 is not at all and 7 is fully) Not at all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Fully 4. Over the next semester do you hope to attend class in full? Not all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Fully Section 2. Please answer the following questions regarding your attitude to attending class on a scale of one to seven. 1. For me to attend class is: Bad _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Good Unimportant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Beneficial Boring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Enjoyable Worthless _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Valuable Unpleasant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Pleasant Unnecessary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Advantageous Insignificant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Essential Painstaking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Rewarding [measurement of attitude alternation of outcome beliefs followed by outcome evaluation] 2. Most people I know think that I * attend class. * Should not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Should 3. It is expected of me to attend class. False _ _ _ _ _ _ _ True 4. My peers think that I * attend class. * Should not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Should 5. My peers expect it of me to attend class. False _ _ _ _ _ _ _ True 6. My tutors think that I * attend class * Should not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Should 7. My tutors expect it of me to attend class. False _ _ _ _ _ _ _ True 8. People that I respect think that I * attend class. * Should not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Should 9. People that I respect expect it of me to attend class False _ _ _ _ _ _ _ True 10. The University thinks that I * attend class Should not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Should 11. The University expects it of me to attend class. False _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ True [measurement of subjective norms alternation of normative belief followed by motivation to comply] 12. For me to attend class over a semester would be Impossible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ possible 13. How much control do you believe that you have over your attendance of class? None _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Total 14. If I cared to I could attend class over a semester False _ _ _ _ _ _ _ True 15. It is up to me as to whether I attend class or not. How true is this statement? False _ _ _ _ _ _ _ True 16. The next semester can easily be attended by me. False _ _ _ _ _ _ _ True 17. Is it for you to determine whether you attend class or not? No, not at all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Yes, entirely my choice 18. I could attend class over the next semester False _ _ _ _ _ _ _ True 19. Is it within your power to attend class? No, it is out of my reach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Yes [measurement of perceived behavioural control alternation of capability followed by controllability] Bibliography Azjen., I. (1988) Attitudes, Personality and Behaviour, Milton Keynes: Open University Press. Azjen, I. (1991) Theory of Planned Behaviour: Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes. Fishbein, M. Azjen, I. (1975) Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behaviour. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Likert, R. (1932) A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology. 1

A Comparison of The Yellow Wallpaper and Daisy Miller -- comparison co

Society continually places specific and often restrictive standards on the female gender.   While modern women have overcome many unfair prejudices, late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century women were forced to deal with a less than understanding culture.   Different people had various ways of voicing their opinions concerning gender inequalities, including expressing themselves through literature.   By writing a fictional story, authors like Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Henry James were given the opportunity to let readers understand and develop their own ideas on such a serious topic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story The Yellow Wallpaper, the main character is a symbol for all repressed women of her time.   Throughout the entire story, her name is never mentioned, alluding to the fact that the women of her era simply lacked their own personal identity.   Her husband treated her as a frail and incapable being.   He laughed at her fears, and disregarded her concerns as frivolous worries.   She recognized this as nothing beyond the normality, and accepts it because that is what her society deems standard.   When commenting that there must be something queer about a house so large and beautiful, yet rented to them at such a reasonable price, she continued â€Å"John laughs at me, of course, but one expects that in a marriage† (1).   John continually tells her that her illness is psychological, and encourages her to try and get more fresh air, for her own efforts will be the best for a quicker recovery.   However, on the one occasion she asks him for permission to visit her Cousin Henry and Julia, he denies her so, leaving her in tears and telling her she could not handle such a trip.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ... the liberation of women everywhere.   One can easily recognize, however, that times were not always so generous as now, and different women found their own ways of dealing with their individual situations.   Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s character created a twisted image of the world in her mind, and eventually became mentally insane.   While most cases were not so extreme, this character was imperative in creating a realization of such a serious situation.   James’ character did what most rebellious young American women would do.   She broke free from cultural restrictions and lived her life as she pleased.   A woman of passion, she chose to ignore the repressive attitudes of those around her.   Women of today are still fighting for equality, but have authors of the past and women like the characters in their stories to thank for the improvements they made.

The Authenticity of Hecate in Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth essays

The Authenticity of Hecate in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   The authenticity issue of Macbeth's Hecate endures. Recent critics still argue about whether the scenes are Shakespearean, why they are or are not, and what the implications are one way or the other. Some critics cling to the authenticity of the Folio while others wave their copies of Middleton's "The Witch" in protest. The modern director and reader then will find no clear direction to read or not to read from textual scholarship. Instead, would-be travellers to the world of Macbeth had better consider their options and ask specifically: what does Hecate add with her appearance and how do these additions impact the play?    Some critics have made the mistake of trying to dismiss Hecate as a fetching song-and-dance girl. In his Introduction to Macbeth, editor Kenneth Muir remarks: "The Hecate passages were clearly invented to introduce the songs and Middleton is usually blamed for these insertions" (xxxiii). But more recent critics like Henri Suhamy take umbrage with both the form and the substance of this argument. Suhamy notes: "the direction printed in italics in the Folio, after line 33 (III,v)--"Musicke, and a Song"--does not mention any identifiable song, contrary to what is indicated by most editors" (274). Stallybrass seems also to believe that Hecate is there to dance, but at least he credits her with a particularly important number: "the dance of Hecate and the six Witches gives a concrete dramatization of the 'deed without a name' (IV.i.49) which reverses the whole order of 'Nature'" (200). What Hecate's interpolation really supplies, however, is order and much more: balance, authority, direct ion, and reason are all part of the substance she provides.    .. ...ologie." In Minor Prose Works. Ed. James Craigie. Edinburgh: Scottish Text Society, 1982. Muir, Kenneth. "Introduction." In Macbeth. Ed. Kenneth Muir. New York: Routledge, 1992. Palmer, D.J. "'A new Gorgon': visual effects in Macbeth." In Focus on Macbeth. Ed. John Russell Brown. Boston: Routledge, 1982. Perkins, William. The Damned Art of Witchcraft. (xeroxed copy) Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Ed. Kenneth Muir. New York: Routledge, 1992. Stallybrass, Peter. "Macbeth and Witchcraft." In Focus on Macbeth. Ed. John Russell Brown. Boston: Routledge, 1982. Suhamy, Henry. "The Authenticity of the Hecate Scenes in Macbeth : Arguments and Counter-Arguments." In French Essays on Shakespeare and His Contemporaries: 'What Would France With Us?" Ed. Jean Marie Maguin and Michele Willems. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1995.   

Uneasy Homecoming

In the short story Uneasy Homecoming written by Will F Jenkings, Connie is the first character introduced in the story, and is the protagonist; the antagonist in the short story is Mrs. Wilson and Mrs. Wilson’s son. After we are introduced to the characters we are then led into the setting, Connie was being driven home by a taxi as, â€Å"The red, dying sun cast long shadows across the road† (pg. 83), this created a picture that the sun was setting.During this cab ride home from her two week vacation, Connie feels uneasiness and dread, which help us understand the mood and atmosphere of the short story. Initiating Incident The event that begins the conflict is when Connie called Mrs. Wilson for comfort, and Mrs. Wilson ask her if her house was all right, and that it was dreadful here, there have been a series of burglaries in the town and somehow the burglary know where Mr. saddler kept his day’s receipts from his shop. Connie had a wired feeling about this and b eing alone, but she didn’t follow it because she thought it was meaningless.Rising Action Three things that are rising action is when Connie finds some cigarettes buts on the rug in Toms room and starts to panic a bit, then she finds a lump in the bed not knowing what it is she starts to walk away from it, then she look and saw it was all the burglary’s stolen stuff. Connie realized that they probably know she’s home and can see her from the bay so she turned off all the lights quickly â€Å"The window was broken. A neat jagged section of glass was missing. †(pg. 9) that’s how there were getting in, she locked all the doors and windows but not the broken one because she can’t they’ll just unlock it so she goes and hides. The climax Connie hears a noise coming from the outside garden; she knew that they knew about her knowing that they were there and had proof. They turned off the power so the house would be darker; she hears him in th e house and carefully goes out the back door, and then she lit his motorcycle on fire. â€Å"She hid herself in the shadows and watched, sobs trying to from in her throat† (pg. 91)

Andy Goldsworthy Is a British Sculptor, Photographer and Environmentalist

Andy Goldsworthy is a British sculptor, photographer and environmentalist living in Scotland who produces site-specific sculpture and land art situated in natural and urban settings. His art involves the use of natural and found objects, to create both temporary and permanent sculptures which draw out the character of their environment. The son of F. Allan Goldsworthy (1929–2001), former professor of applied mathematics at the University of Leeds, Andy Goldsworthy was born on 26 July 1956 in Cheshire] and grew up on the Harrogate side of Leeds, West Yorkshire, in a house edging the green belt.From the age of 13 he worked on farms as a labourer. He has likened the repetitive quality of farm tasks to the routine of making sculpture: â€Å"A lot of my work is like picking potatoes; you have to get into the rhythm of it. â€Å"He studied fine art at Bradford College of Art (1974–1975) and at Preston Polytechnic (1975–1978) (now the University of Central Lancashire) in Preston, Lancashire, receiving his Bachelor of Arts (B. A. ) degree from the latter. After leaving college, Goldsworthy lived in Yorkshire, Lancashire and Cumbria.In 1985 he moved to Langholm in Dumfries and Galloway, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and a year later to Penpont. It has been said that his gradual drift northwards was â€Å"due to a way of life over which he did not have complete control†, but that contributing factors were opportunities and desires to work in these areas and â€Å"reasons of economy† The materials used in Andy Goldsworthy's art often include brightly-coloured flowers, icicles, leaves, mud, pinecones, snow, stone, twigs, and thorns. He has been quoted as saying, â€Å"I think it's incredibly brave to be working with flowers and leaves and petals.But I have to. I can't edit the materials I work with. My remit is to work with nature as a whole. † Goldsworthy is generally considered the founder of modern rock balancing. For his ephemeral works, Goldsworthy often uses only his bare hands, teeth, and found tools to prepare and arrange the materials; however, for his permanent sculptures like â€Å"Roof†, â€Å"Stone River† and â€Å"Three Cairns†, â€Å"Moonlit Path† (Petworth, West Sussex, 2002) and â€Å"Chalk Stones† in the South Downs, near West Dean, West Sussex he has also employed the use of machine tools.To create â€Å"Roof†, Goldsworthy worked with his assistant and five British dry-stone Wallers, who were used to make sure the structure could withstand time and nature. Photography plays a crucial role in his art due to its often ephemeral and transient state. According to Goldsworthy, â€Å"Each work grows, stays, decays – integral parts of a cycle which the photograph shows at its heights, marking the moment when the work is most alive. There is intensity about a work at its peak that I hope is expressed in the image. Process and decay are implicit. † Goldsworthy is a successful installation artist which inspires many people.

Four external forces that affect an Organization Essay

Terms of reference: This report was commissioned by the lecture of Management and Organisation Behaviour as individual assessment on four external forces that can currently affect Organisation for these modules within the Bachelor of Business Degree in Management. Introduction: In this assignment I will present a brief literature review of the main four external forces that can currently affect an organization (a business). First I will introduce global economical powers that influence the four external forces after that I will then introduce the four forces in more detail. Global perspective As the world is emerging from the waters of deep economical crisis I think the best to start with are global influences that affect the main four forces. Each organization is directly strongly influenced by general laws of economics: Economic growth – is influenced by various factors such as development on stock markets, which is strongly influenced by political activities around the world, prices of raw materials (metals, oil etc.) but also prices of energy and future of the economical development in general. Inflation – increases cost of operations and price of products and reduces employment. Interest rates – as many businesses operate with money borrowed from banks changing interest rates influence directly interest expense, which influences the cost of operations and the cost of product PEST Macro analysis Each local business is based in a certain environment that directly influences its performance. The environment a company exists in has a strong impact on every aspect of the company`s life. The following main four macro-economical external influences are interdependent. Political atmosphere – each country has a specific political atmosphere, political culture. For instance countries of the EU would have very different atmosphere to North Korea. Local political decisions shape the countries economical perspective and enable or disable, speed up or slow down the development of local businesses. Political decisions directly influence law of the country (region) and some of them such as economic reforms make strong and long-lasting impact on local businesses. Even political decisions such as annual budget or introduction of income levy  have profound impact on business performance. However this would be more applicable in Adam Smyth`s times. Currently we can still apply this influence of local politics on small or local businesses but the late seventies and eighties of the 20th century, started especially in the Euro-American civilization process of progressive economic liberalization that resulted in supra-national corporations that we know today. Many of these corporations are wealthier then countries they operate in and often dictate what the local political milieu will be. This route would eventually lead us to the question of monopolization and to the question of economic and political interests and their balance. Ultimately it is both international and local law that that create balance between these two areas.1 Great example of politics and law (even if enforced by the international public rather than by local corrupted politicians) impacting on businesses is from India, where supra-national companies producing clothing completely ignored health and safety regulations in order to produce more and cheaper. Unfortunately this lack of political ethic and responsibility resulted in tragedies and loss of many lives. Social environment – main characteristics of social environment are social norms and cultural and even religious preferences. Max Weber sees the protestant idea of hard work as a result of original sin as the inspiration for development of hard-work and profit focused capitalism. 2 This idea of hard-work and profit focused capitalism combined in Europe and in the North of America with culturally well established system of banks borrowing finance for interest resulted in today`s macro economical models. Euro-American banking system is historically based in certain interpretation of oral Torah called Mishna that allows borrowing money for interest in return. It was in historical Europe traditionally â€Å"allowed† only to the Jewish nation as a form of discrimination and punishment. So the development of economy is we know it today would be very unlikely in many parts of the world simply for cultural and religious reasons as in some countries would be money coming from interest prohibited.3 Demographic profile of social environment is crucial for any business existing within that particular society. Gender, age, ethnicity, language, education, public opinion and norms influence every aspect of business. Gender norms define approach of  society towards male / female work.4 In many societies is female work traditionally under-rated therefore from the perspective of operations management it is cheaper for companies to employ women in certain positions. Education of population leads us into the next factor that affects business†¦ Technological development – is a result of the impact of education in the local social environment; technological changes always initiated further development. The invention of wheel accelerated speed of movement of our ancestors, the invention of metals improved their farming instruments as well as weapons but here we are not talking about the long time gone past. Today we live in exciting times of technological changes, which are changing the face of businesses on daily basis. Internet and electronic communication speeded up every aspect of business from operations, logistics to client services. Even the smallest local newsagent or grocery shop must keep up with the development of recent technologies. 20 years ago it would be absolutely unthinkable to top up phone credit while paying for grocery in a local shop. In fact there was no topping up credit at all today. Today we would find it rather odd if our local newsagent (if we still buy newspapers) would not have a top up terminal. Purchasing a flight used to be in general one to one experience; we used to go to travel-agents or flight-companies directly and purchased flights. Today we find normal to use the internet at home even to check in before our flight. A flight company that would not offer internet service to purchase a flight would not survive today. But all this technological progress would not be possible without investments, without wealth. Economical environment – wealth as a source of investment was based in times of Adam Smyth and his An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in productive powers of Labour, in accumulation and employment of stock, in progress of opulence in different nations (which is the distribution of wealth between cities and countryside) and in a system of political economy. 5 Today is material wealth accumulated not so much in nations but more so in supra-national companies. Still effective investment is the fuel of business development. Economical environment and wealth  depends as we already mentioned on macro-economic factors of global economic growth, inflation and interest rates that directly influence local currency inflation and interest rates increase or decrease. Global economy fluctuates from booms to slumps. Most businesses gain in booms and loose in slumps. Bibliography: Swedberg, R. (2003). Principles of Economic Sociology, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 158-159 Weber, M. (1920). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Berlin: Klaus Lichtblau and Johannes Weiss Waterman A.M.C. (1999). Religion and Economics: Normative Social Theory; Boston 1999: Unwin Hyman, London & Boston, 1930 Dean, M., Waterman, A. (1999). Religion and Economics: Normative Social Theory. Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Swedberg, R. (2003). Principles of Economic Sociology, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 283-284. Smith A. (1776). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations, London: Adman Black and William Tait

Reading Response 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading Response 7 - Essay Example ocial networking sites are obvious—students feel more connected and display more confidence when they are active participants on social networking sites. From my point of view, teachers who discourage the use of social networking sites only turn students against them. While social networking sites can be used for purposes other than schoolwork, which takes away from studies, there are many instances where social networking sites can assist students’ performance. Say for example than a student does not understand a concept completely and requires some additional help. If this is so, that particular student could ask for help from their peers and receive almost an instant response. The article does mention the downsides of using Facebook, such as lower grades, less money from part-time jobs, and loneliness. While all these things must be taken into consideration, I believe that the positives outweigh the negatives, and so social networking sites are something that should be encouraged. Lori Aratani’s article â€Å"Teens Can Multitask, But What Are Costs† discusses an issue that is rarely brought up. I can relate to Megan Casady because my life follows a similar trajectory. I am always moving from one task to the next while trying to juggle a few things at a time. But I don’t think that it is all bad because it shows how productive young people can be. Teenagers are at an age where they have the energy to go out and do all sorts of stuff, so why not let them have the freedom to do that if they wish? I admit that I do not really think about the consequences of multitasking; it is just something that we do. I think it comes from the pressure to be more than we currently are. I mean, there are only so many hours in the day, and it seems like a race to get as many things done as possible. If people took the time to slow down and concentrate on the small tasks in life, it may lead a healthier individual. This is something that I should maybe take in to

Validity, reliability and generalisation in the research process Essay

Validity, reliability and generalisation in the research process - Essay Example In addition, the essay provides recommendations, which include a series of questions that could be incorporated into a questionnaire aimed at finding out why post graduate students choose to study HRM. In management research, validity, reliability and generalisation should be addressed in research with a lot of caution because it is tricky to distinguish them precisely. For instance, validity is defined as the relationship between test results on research with other objectives that the study seeks to achieve or measure (Wainer & Braun, 2013: 40). Therefore, researchers should clearly outline their research objectives. On the other hand, Schensul, LeCompte and Schensul (1999: 271) define reliability as the consistency of research results and the ability of such results to be replicated by other researchers. It is worthy to note that a measure may be reliable, but such a measure’s reliability does not ensure its validity (Rubin & Babbie, 2010: 87). It is imperative that business and management researchers should consider reliability and validity separately. This is because reliability is about consistency while validity is about truthfulness in measures (Jackson, 2013: 90). On the other hand, seeking to ensure reliability in management may distort the purpose of a study. This is because a researcher will design a measurement tool or process that will ensure the results obtained from such a study will be replicated by other researchers. This leads to a researcher’s slight deviation from the original purpose of the study, which may in turn, adversely affect validity. Separately, generalisation may be used in businesses and management research to contribute to theory. Therefore, in consideration of generalisation, management research should be designed so that it is properly conversant with theory to contribute to

Legal and Regulatory Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal and Regulatory Environment - Essay Example Mongo offered Quinn to work for their subsidiary company in Saudi Arabia. Quinn signed a form of contract that provided for a ‘Recital of International Employment Conditions,’ which guaranteed him that, if his performance would be found satisfactory, he would proceed for the job until the Mongo advised with an accompaniment of a four week written notice that his services were no longer needed (Human Resources in the Legal and Regulatory Framework, 466-505). The legal issues in this case include whether the contract between Quinn and SAMCO was legitimate ab initio, whether there existed a separate employment contract between Quinn and SAMCO and whether Quinn was a SAMCO employee, whether SAMCO erred in failing to integrate the likely interference by the government over the contract it made with Quinn, though the Royal Commission had managed to establish contractual mandate to alter at its own discretion personnel employed by SAMCO, bearing the fact that the government of Saudi Arabia is characterized with forms of employment discrimination such as age, and whether Mongo bears any responsibilities over SAMCO’s actions in another jurisdiction. The US legislation on Discrimination in Employment Act protects the populace above 40 from age prejudice (Metzger). Under this legislation, an employee has to prove that ‘he or she was within the cosseted age cohort, was qualified for the position at issue, suffered an adverse employment action, and was replaced by a sufficiently younger person.’ As a judge, if the plaintiff can prove these four elements, then a legal case suffices to stand trial. Did Hammer and Mongo act ethically? Would you have acted differently? Be sure to support your response with reference to ethical theories. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) ‘protects persons forty years or older from discrimination based on age. The legislation proscribes age favoritism in providing employees benefits and establishes minimum standards for waiver of one’s rights under the ADEA.’ It prohibits age discrimination in employment with respect to individuals aged forty years or older. In 1991, Congress amended Title VII to protect U.S. citizens employed in a foreign country by a U.S. employer. The Enforcement Guidance on Application of Title VII and the Americans with Disabilities Act provides that for a nationality of an entity to be determined by the entity’s place of incorporation, the principal place of business, contacts within the United States, the nationality of dominant shareholders and/or those holding voting control, and the nationality and location of management have to be taken into account (Lindemann, 2003, p. 9). Section 109 of the Title VII provides that â€Å"it shall not be unlawful,† under either Title VII or the ADA, for an employer to act in violation of either statute if compliance would cause the employer to violate the law of the foreign c ountry in which the employee’s workplace is located (Jerry). For example, an employer may be permitted to deny employment to women in a country that prohibits women from working, even though this practice violates Title VII. Hammer told Quinn that Quinn would have a problem as his grey hair showed that he was ‘over fifty,’ and people over fifty were ‘regarded with suspicion’

How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back Research Paper

How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back from development - Research Paper Example They bring great opportunities in the developing countries with employment generation, output expansion, and escalation in technical know-how and so on. But on the other hand it brings many challenges too. Brazil is a country whose economy has escalated in recent years and has encountered a large jolt of foreign investments. A major fraction of these investments have generated from the MNCs forming an indispensible part. In Brazil, these MNCs have propelled its economy, but also have contributed to the increased economic inequality leading to elevated poverty levels, loss of markets for the domestic producers and as well as behavioral aspects like identity loss. This has resulted in hindering the development of the Brazilian economy and also threatens its future. Apart from those social menaces like human trafficking is also hinders development. The paper discusses the ways in which the MNCs and human trafficking has declined development and poses a threat to its future. 1. Introduct ion The rate of intensification of the terms globalization, internationalization, removal of trade barriers has escalated manifold within the framework of global trade in recent years. Mammoth investments are being made by organizations (Multinational and Transnational corporations) of the developed countries in the underdeveloped and developing countries reaping huge benefits for them with cost minimization. These foreign investments within the underdeveloped and developing countries have brought in a large number of opportunities in the form of employment, cultural integration, regional development of these countries (Tankeu, n.d.). Brazil, a Latin American country, has also encountered large foreign investments with MNCs entering into the country creating employment, local development and thrusting the pace of the economy. But this is only a superficial layer of thinking process. The story is not so simple. A deep scrutiny with evidences and reverse thought process reveal that ac tually the MNCs are hindering the current development of the country as well as its future. Social menaces like human trafficking have increased to elevated levels hitting the Brazilian economy really hard. Thus, having stated this, the focus of the paper will direct towards discussing the ways in which the MNCs and human trafficking are actually hindering the growth of Brazilian economy and pushing it backwards (Hauge & Magnusson, 2011, p.6). The research question that will be addressed in this paper is, â€Å"How Multinational corporations and human trafficking hold Brazil back from development?† 2. Research track: For addressing the issue in a proper and transparent manner prior discussion needs to be done with the current situation of the country with respect to development status done under the heading present situation. Within it, the first segment deals with the concept of MNCs acting as hindrance to development. The next section presents data support of the country wi th respect to its development. After that, the subsequent section will deal with the problem of human trafficking in the country. Then the course of the paper will enter into the hardcore process of analyzing the country’s development hindrance due to MNCs followed by discussion of the issue of human trafficking. 3. Present situation 3.1 Alarming truth –MNCs in development shrinkage The trajectory of globalization through empirical evidences has been seen as two way traffic. At one end, it has acted as a force delivering economic prosperity to people all over the world and on the other hand, it has been blamed for creating huge inequalities