Creons Demonstrations of a Tragic Flaw in Sophocles’...

In Sophocles’ Antigone, the protagonist, Creon, serves as a great example of how recurring themes, such as the realization and recognition of a tragic flaw (hamartia), cause the downfall of the powerful in Greek literature. Sophocles is effective in portraying the concept of hamartia as an essential component in Creon’s downfall and, based on Aristotle’s characteristics of a tragic character, able to create a character that can be accurately and easily identified as the significant tragic character in the play. Despite the title of the tragedy, Creon undoubtedly provides greater moral significance and can capture the audience’s attention as the central character. Creon’s significance is clear as he is the successor to Oedipus’ throne in Thebes. His status as king makes him renowned and prosperous. Initially, Creon restrains his respect for his subjects, however, it is clear to them he is not perfect through his pride (hubris). His profound re versal of prosperity is displayed after he struggles to recognize his erroneous judgment (hamartia). Finally, his compassion and apprehension develops into an understanding of his arrogant and destructive nature leading to his redemption. Nevertheless, Creon is left with the burden of the deaths of his family, becoming a shell of misfortune and loneliness. Although Creon’s actions cannot be labeled as courageous, his character traits pertain greatly to that of a tragic hero. As ruler of Thebes, Creon’s power lead to his irrational

Observations on Magical Realism Essay - 1521 Words

Observations on Magical Realism What is magical realism? Many people have conflicting ideas about when and who first used the term. It is likely that most people are completely confused when confronted with this subject, but after they read a few papers on magical realism, it becomes a little clearer. The papers that Amaryll Chanady, Luis Leal, Angle Flores, Franz Roh, and Scott Simpkins wrote have been helpful in studying the history and theory of magical realism. Each paper has many good points in it, but the authors argue so much over who is right or wrong that it is hard to decide who to agree with. Angel Flores has several good points in his essay on magical realism. He says that it â€Å"has been studied mostly through the†¦show more content†¦He used â€Å"magical† instead of â€Å"mystical† to show that â€Å"the mystery does not descend to the represented world but rather hides and palpitates behind it† (qtd in Leal 120). Roh says, â€Å"Expressionism shows an exaggerated preference for fantastic, extraterrestrial, remote objects.† He also says that â€Å"it employs various techniques inherited from the previous period, techniques that endow all things with a deeper meaning and reveal mysteries that always threaten the secure tranquillity of simple and ingenuous things† (16-18). Then he states that Expressionism is shown by â€Å"varied designs of spherical, colored, and deformed shapes† while Impressionism is by â€Å"exquisite colors† (19). Roh believes that â€Å"Post-Expressionism offers is the miracle of exist ence in its imperturbable duration† (22). He then goes on to say that â€Å"this new art is situated resolutely between extremes, between vague sensuality and highly structured schematics, as true philosophy may be located between ingenuous realism and exalted idealism† (23). Art can also have a spiritual meaning. Roh says in art â€Å"the point is not to discover the spirit beginning with objects but, on the contrary, to discover objects beginning with the spirit† (24). Luis Leal disagrees with several of the things that Flores says. He believes that it was Roh, not Borges, that first used magical realism (120). He also states that itShow MoreRelated Magical Realism in Gabriel Garcia Marqezs A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings1069 Words   |  5 PagesCharacteristics of Magical Realism in Gabriel Garcia Marqezs A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings The controversy surrounding Magical Realism makes the classification of what is and what is not Magical Realism very difficult. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, a famous Latin American author, has written many pieces of what is generally conceived to be Magical Realism. Marqezs A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings fulfills every characteristic of Magical Realism.. A Very Old Man with Enormous WingsRead MoreThe Theory, History, and Development of Magical Realism Essay examples3188 Words   |  13 PagesMagical realism is more a literary mode than a distinguishable genre and it aims to seize the paradox of the union of opposites such as time and timelessness, life and death, dream and reality and the pre-colonial past and the post-industrial present. It is characterized by two conflicting perspectives. While accepting the rational view of reality, it also considers the supernatural as a part of reality. The setting in a magical realist text is a normal world with authentic human characters. It isRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance Era1572 Words   |  7 PagesHumanism, realism, and classical values are the most prominent aspects of this Era. â€Å"Humanism is the fundamental idea of that period as one of renewal and reawakening is humanistic in origin.† The term freely applies to a variety of beliefs, methods, and philosophie s that place central emphasis on the human realm. â€Å"Realism, in the arts, the accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of nature or of contemporary life. Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favour of a close observation of outwardRead More Animal Influences in Paleolithic, Egyptian and Greek Art Essay1428 Words   |  6 Pagescontain a few humans, geometrical shapes, and even hand prints. The artist used permanent features like ceilings, floors, and walls of rock shelters and caves as their canvas. Pigments of black, yellow, red, and brown were utilized to display the observations of animals. The painters gathered a great deal of information about finding food, and which foods were safe to eat or to hunt, by closely observing animals. The valuable information was passed to others through the detailes in the artwork. TheRead MoreSupernatural, Supernatural And Supernatural1327 Words   |  6 Pagessupernatural and magical power to enhance their characters being. They made them above others and noble, in a way that no other character was. Reflecting on the different approaches people conduct when they read and analyze literature, there is a multitude of ways that the supernatural can be interpreted. A reader should consider what is supernatural about a certain situation in the text. Are there faeries, witches, wizards and ghosts? What about spells, dragons or angels and devils? By observation, the supernaturalRead MoreAnalysis of Junot Diazs The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao870 Words   |  4 Pageswithin that mind of yours. You can write novels with the same ease that the rest of us write checks, and the tales you tell are filled with that magical mix of wonder and realism. And this is no coincidence Oscar, because loners are good at noticing subtle ties that other people miss which makes them well-suited for careers that require close observation, like writing and scientific research, so its no surprise that famous historical loners include Emily Dickinson, Stanley Kubrick, and Isaac NewtonRead MoreCircularity and Linearity: Interweaving Fates in 100 Years of Solitude1305 Words   |  6 Pagesupon the land after their patriarch, Jose Arcadio, felt forced to leave their native village. The novel serves as a representation of early post-colonialist Colombia, which is the author’s native country. Among other literary elements such as magical realism and contrasting tragic and comedic effects, Marquez flawlessly incorporates the usage of linear and circular time-plot perspectives in a binary approach in order to produce both a sense of stasis and inertia within the prize-winning novel, whichRead MoreA Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: a Critical Analysis1828 Words   |  8 Pagesdescribe heavenly bodies. Even the mentioni ng of the â€Å"consolation miracles† is done in a way that makes it seem as if these strange things happen everyday. There is indifference in the treatment for when we mention â€Å"miracle,† it always connote something magical has happened that we ought to be grateful for but in this case, the miracles are treated as merely â€Å"consolation† for they were not the miracles that these people have hoped for. Aside from indifference, the choice of words and language used also showRead MoreA Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: a Critical Analysis1815 Words   |  8 Pagesdescribe heavenly bodies. Even the mentioning of the â€Å"consolation miracles† is done in a way that makes it seem as if these strange things happen everyday. There is indifference in the treatment for when we mention â€Å"miracle,† it always connote something magical has happened that we ought to be grateful for but in this case, the miracles are treated as merely â€Å"consolati on† for they were not the miracles that these people have hoped for. Aside from indifference, the choice of words and language used also showRead MoreEssay about Visions of America2142 Words   |  9 Pagesidentity was closely associated with nature; the idealized paintings of the Hudson River School allowed Americans to easily read into nature the qualities they desired to find there. Technically, however, these paintings did not deviate far from pure realism, for â€Å"‘imagination’ had always been a dangerous word in America,† and a painter’s too obvious use of it could lead to accusations of â€Å"mannerism† (American Painting 66). Church’s work demonstrates the association of America’s national destiny with

Business Ethics A Managerial Approach

Question: What is Business Ethics? Answer: Business ethics By ethics we mean something right or wrong and deal with morality. Different people view ethics differently. Being ethical may not always mean to follow the laws. Business ethics is also termed as corporate ethics. In business, ethics is viewed as certain principles or morals that people must abide by or follow in the organization. Ethics is based on the five theories. They are Egoism Utilitarianism Deontology Care ethics Virtue ethics 1. The Egoism theory was proposed by Ayn Rand and Adam Smith. It highlights on the fact that something can be good or bad, or it may be right or wrong depending on how it satisfies the needs and desires of a person.2. The Utilitarianism theory was proposed by Jeremy Bentham and J.S. Mill. This theory highlights on the fact that one should do those works which will give him greatest happiness (Parboteeah Cullen, 2013).3. The Deontology theory was proposed by Immanuel Kant and W.D. Ross. This theory states that people should choose those works which will recognize ones duties.4. The Care ethics theory was proposed by Carol Gilligan and Virginia Held. The theory states that people should choose certain woks that involves taking care of another people or supporting the weaker or the vulnerable.5. The Virtue ethics theory was proposed by Aristotle and Confucius. It highlights on the fact that the actions performed by people are in fact the traits that are embodied within the person. Considering on the ethical theories the business also functions on these theories. Often people do something which may be unethical to the business organization, but may be ethical to the person. An example of this can be given from the following case study (Boylan, 2013). A pharmaceutical company BioPharmaWizard limited developed a drug which could treat a certain type of cancer, the results of which have been encouraging. Patients were contacted by physicians for the application of the drug. The patients to be treated were strictly mentioned. The persons who had their surgeries in the last three months were eligible. A doctor named Hortense Rhys-Martin decided to include a patient of hers who had the surgery about six months ago. For including her in the study she even alters the date of surgery. She is of the opinion that three months restriction cannot outweigh the potential to help her patient. From the above case study example it can be seen that people often go beyond the organizational ethics to fulfill their personal morals and ethics which is guided by Care ethics theory. Since all the companies consist of people, so the companies like the people itself make moral mistakes. It must be noted that people develop if not guided by the rules and regulations set by the authority. People must engage in their own moral reasoning (Rothlin Haghirian, 2013). Business ethics is often based on the stakeholder framework which has three levels: 1)value proposition 2) principles for stakeholders 3) respect for standards of conduct. The model clearly states that ethics is not a choice business ethics revolves around the fact that business should be taken seriously commitment must be shown towards ethics the organizations must manage based on all the three levels of stakeholders framework there should be n rule that a size fits all. References Boylan, M. (2013).Business Ethics. Hoboken: Wiley. Parboteeah, P., Cullen, J. (2013).Business ethics. New York, NY: Routledge. Rothlin, S., Haghirian, P. (2013).Dimensions of teaching business ethics in Asia. Berlin: Springer.

Phuket Beach Hotel Essay Essay Example

Phuket Beach Hotel Essay Essay Located at Patong beach. Phuket Beach hotel has some underutilized infinite. The hotel has an option of outsourcing this infinite to Planet Karaoke Pub for a monthly rental income. Alternatively. the hotel can construct a saloon itself as such saloons are fast spreading in Thailand and pull many new clients and turning income for itself. Such capital investing determinations are the really critical determinations for any organisation as it will hold to populate with its effects for many old ages. A comprehensive survey is required to make up ones mind which of the proposed undertaking is traveling to be most profitable in the long-run. All investing options need to be studied wholly and all the pros and cons should be listed to enable the company proprietors to do appropriate concluding determination. Thus. for such determinations. Capital budgeting is done which help the organisation select which expenditures will bring forth higher income over the multi-year period. After making capital investing analysis for the two proposed investing programs. the Planet Karaoke Club undertaking seems to be more executable. We will write a custom essay sample on Phuket Beach Hotel Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Phuket Beach Hotel Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Phuket Beach Hotel Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although the Beach Karaoke Pub undertaking is more monetarily honoring. it is besides more vulnerable to assorted menaces and undertakings negative EACF under such state of affairss. Planet Karaoke Club undertaking is besides more attractive because it guarantees fixed rental income for 4 old ages of the undertaking life. where as the income is unsure for the other undertaking. Beach Karaoke Club stands the benefit of enrolling the internal surplus and already trained staff. . If the transportation is efficient. it will hold a zero chance cost. But there is a possibility of deficit in work force due to the big new undertaking. and hiring of staff brings with itself addition in the costs. Hotel’s gross will besides be affected due to any negative affect on the sale of the suites. This in bend will besides hold an impact on the operating disbursals related to the room. which is straight relative to the room gross revenues. The initial investing for this undertaking will be of decor. furniture and equipments. Salary costs. nutrient and drink costs. fixs and care costs will be the major disbursals for this undertaking along with other operational disbursals. In this analysis. merely incremental hard currency flows are relevant. This is why involvement payments are non taken into consideration. Even depreciation is deductible for revenue enhancement intents and do non account for hard currency flows. These two reciprocally sole undertakings can be ranked through assorted assessment standards. On the footing of given capital information. an 11. 0 % of leaden mean cost of capital is computed. Same is used for dismissing all the hard currency flows in the undertakings. Equivalent Annual Cash Flow method ( EACF ) is used to compare the two undertakings more efficaciously with respect to length and clip. This method is so designed to supply for the clip value of money. The four other suggested standards are besides used but they have there ain defects. where as. EACF provides with accurate conse quences for ciphering the existent economic growing on annual footing for the whole undertaking life. It is seen that the Hotel ( board of managers ) uses the Average Rate of Return on Investment ( ROI ) and Paybak period methods to measure its capital undertakings. although these two methods do non supply accurate analysis. This is so because these two methods do non take into consideration the clip value of money. which is an extreme of import construct. The Payback period method further ignores the benefits that will happen one time the wage back period is over. The ROI method is besides inconsistent because you are non puting when leasing. Ignoring the defects of the two methods for the clip being. and utilizing it for the analysis. we compute an mean ROI of 39. 17 % and payback period to be 2. 43 old ages for the Planet Karaoke undertaking. Where as. the ROI for Beach Karaoke Pub comes out to be 43. 7 % and 2. 58 old ages as its payback period. Net Present Value ( NPV ) method can besides be used for measuring the undertakings. It is an efficient manner of gauging economic addition with regard to clip value of money. but once more this method can non be used for comparing assorted undertakings with different life times. Yet. utilizing this method we compute the NPV $ 384. 204. 55 for Planet Karaoke Pub and $ 1365622. 91 for the Beach Karaoke Pub. The Internal Rate of Return ( IRR ) turns out to be 67. 31 % for Planet Karaoke Pub and 34. 12 % for the other. This method which is used to mensurate the efficiency of the investing has its defects. Evaluations utilizing this method might hold multiple values and it presumes that the interim hard currency flow can be reinvested at IRR. which is non right. The Equivalent Annual Cash Flow. being the best analytical tool is besides computed and used for determination devising. The EACF of Beach Karaoke Club is estimated to be 323. 731. 71 and 124. 103. 76 for the Planet Karaoke Pub. Due to its income certainty. even the sensitiveness analysis shows that Planet Karaoke Club is a better pick. The undertaking brings with itself assorted benefits. The undertaking guarantees gross by agencies of monthly rental income and one-year fixs and care charges. The major disbursals include the care charges. which are every bit distributed over the project’s life. As this undertaking doesn’t need all the available infinite for the nine. the staying infinite can besides be used for doing an back street for the hotel. A comparative analysis will demo that when the wages of the Beach Karaoke Club undertaking exceed 5. 47 % of its gross revenues. the Planet Karaoke undertaking becomes more cost-efficient. Additionally. Beach Club project’s EACF will be less as compared to the other undertaking. if the gross revenues gross is less than 89. 69 % of the expected gross revenues. This undertaking seems more vulnerable to effects of capital cost due to its longer life period. Furthermore. this undertaking will once more be less preferable if its Cost of Capital ( COC ) rises above 25. 98 % . There are assorted other factors which can non be expressed numerically. but they do hold a major impact on the undertaking and hence on its choice. One of the major such factor is the safety and security issue. The development of a Karaoke Club will ask for many unwanted invitees like drug nuts. drinkers and felons. There incoming will certainly consequence the visits of people along with their household and kids and therefore. will convey approximately negative impact. In order to cover with any un pleasant fortunes. more security guards will hold to be hired which will convey with itself an addition in the operating costs ( informations for this is non provided for the analysis ) . On the other manus. such nine would besides convey with itself extra investing and sponsorship. As the analysis brings to illume that it is more good for the Hotel to out beginning the under-utilized infinite instead than develop a saloon itself. Wanida should propose investing recommendation in the favour of Planet Karaoke Pubs. This undertaking retains a positive EACF under unfavourable state of affairss and warrants fixed income.

Carbon and Potassium Argon Dating essays

Carbon and Potassium Argon Dating essays There are two dating techniques I will quickly discuss. The first I will address is carbon dating, the second is Potassium-Argon dating. Carbon is used for the dating of once living material. To begin, there are three principle isotopes of carbon which occur naturally. These are C12, C13 and C14. Of these three, the first two are stable while the third is unstable, or radioactive which means it will slowly decay. The radiocarbon method is based on this decay or the rate of decay of the radioactive or unstable carbon isotope 14 (14C), which is formed in the upper atmosphere through the effect of cosmic ray neutrons upon nitrogen 14. The reaction is: (Where n is a neutron and p is a proton). Now, C14 is rapidly oxidized into 14CO2 which enters the planets animal life through photosynthesis and the animal food chain. C14 will also disperse into the oceans as dissolved carbonate. Since all life is made up of carbon, all life will intake carbon into the organism, in approximately the same natural ratios that C12, C13 and C14 exist in the atmosphere. These ratios remain steady until the organism dies. At which point its metabolism starts and C14 slowly begins to seep out (decay). This decay is what is measured. However radiocarbon dating is only usable for a dating span of about 1,000,000 years ago. Potassium-Argon dating is the only viable technique for dating very old archaelogical materials. This method has been used to date rocks up to 4 billion years old (almost the creation of the earth). Potassium-Argon dating is based on the fact that some of the radioactive isotope of Potassium-40 (K-40), decays to the gas Argon as Argon-40 (Ar-40). By comparing the ratios of K-40 to Ar-40 in a sample of volcanic rock when you know the decay rate of K-40, then date that the rock formed can be determined. This dating technique is possible because when rocks are heated to their melting point, any Ar-40 ...

Learn How To Paraphrase Properly With The Best Online Guide

Learn How To Paraphrase Properly With The Best Online Guide Learning to Paraphrase: A Step-By-Step Guide Paraphrasing is often not taken seriously both by students and teachers, while students think it is the easiest task ever, and teachers, in turn, assume that every student knows well how to do it. There is a good reason for the professors to think so. In our daily speech, each of us paraphrases several times a day, for example, various morning or talk show conversations or phrases, friends, parents, blogs, etc. We all live and communicate. Every day we render something said earlier by one person to another person or party, and we don’t do that word for word. So, paraphrasing is a natural way for all humans to convey information. Thus, if we do it so often, it’s possible to assume everyone knows well how to do it well. However, it’s crucial for students to know how to do it in order to avoid plagiarism. Besides, mastering this skill will allow you citing someone’s ideas without a need of a word for word quotation. When you are able to paraphrase pro perly, you have a chance to make your writing diverse and show how you mastered the material. What Is Paraphrasing? Paraphrasing means to keep the meaning of the original text without copying its exact wording. Massachusetts Institute of Technology defines paraphrasing as taking the words of another source and using your own vocabulary to restate them. A paraphrase is actually swapping the keywords not to parrot the author and render his main idea at the same time. Yes, it may sound really simple, however, there are so many students having troubles with it. The problem is that when paraphrasing, they misinterpret the main idea of the original text. Linguistic scholars define full paraphrase and quasi-paraphrase. According to Bhagat Hovoy, it can cause very subtle but still very essential meaning, implication, and point of view differences. Bhagat Hovoy define paraphrasing as phrases or sentences rendering almost the same meaning through using different words. The Difference Between Paraphrasing and Plagiarism The main difference between paraphrasing and plagiarizing is very simple, correct paraphrasing usually has a source attached or cited. When citing someone else’s source you show that you do not try to produce someone’s work for your own. Ideas are really valuable in academia, so if you try to pass off someone’s idea as your own, it is perceived as stealing. And there is a good reason for that, while some academics spend much time on their studies to come up with those ideas, and stealing them is a serious offense. They might be just phrases or words for you, but those ideas are the result of someone’s hard work. When paraphrasing, you don’t only change the main words but also the sentence structure, and at the same time, you give some new life to the text. According to some experts, if a paraphrase has seven or more words from the original source and it is not acknowledged properly, it is considered to be plagiarism. It is necessary to save the meaning and intent of the original idea as much as possible, but the words and vocabulary, in general, have to be different. It is a sort of following a recipe and at the same time, substituting each ingredient by something else and getting the same dish at the end. And don’t forget to state the original author in the reference. The Difference Between Paraphrasing and Summarizing When summarizing, you can gather all the main ideas of another thinker or author in their core concepts. There is a very small difference between a summarized paragraph and a paraphrased one. A paraphrased paragraph, as a rule, is aimed to give the main idea of what it is referring to. A summarized paragraph is intended to show the main points and ideas of the initial source. Both of them must have citation and references to the original source. It is very possible to make a properly paraphrased summaries and even plagiarized summaries. A summary that is paraphrased properly should restate a written summary via new vocabulary and structure. It also requires correct in-text citation. A plagiarized summary will restate the same original summary’s ideas using many the same keywords. And it is not referred to the original author. How to Paraphrase It requires some skills and practice to paraphrase a point, argument, or idea of another person. The following tips will help you master this skill the soonest. The order of the words and sentence has to be adjusted. Before thinking of new words for your sentence, you should change the whole structure of the sentence. A new sentence should start at a different place than the original one. This way, you will have to make wording changes. For example: The meeting was rescheduled while the deputy had to go to the head office. – The deputy head to go to the head office, so the meeting was rescheduled. So, you just restructure your sentence and can start substituting the words to paraphrase your own sentence. Such restructuring impacts the tone, too, it brings freshness to the original idea. Sometimes paraphrasing allows making the ideas of an academic more understandable and readable, especially if you make the sentence structure easier. When restructuring, you are free to change the length of the sentence. You can make too long sentences shorter, and vice versa, combine few short sentences into a longer one. The writing manner of some academics requires the readers to read the sentence over again in order to understand it, so you can restructure it and make it easier and accessible to your reader. Substitute new words. This step is one of the most crucial to write a proper paraphrase. When using new vocabulary, you show your ability to understand everything that was said by the author and at the same time, choose the synonyms conveying the same meaning. Too complicated and esoteric words can be replaced with easier ones. And vice versa, too generic words can be replaced with those that express the main idea better. If you want to use some set phrases, you can still do it. If you want to refer later to the original turn of the author’s phrase, you can also keep it. If necessary, add the definition of terms. One of the best paraphrasing benefits is the opportunity to improve the original work. If the author didn’t provide any illumination, you can do it. Review the paraphrased sentence and check if you didn’t change the meaning drastically. It is crucial for paraphrasing. Sometimes, it is necessary to simplify the tone of the original expert to show your understanding of the material and ensure that you didn’t just alter the original meaning. Some synonyms may alter the original meaning of the text, so make sure to choose the proper ones. Paraphrase Example Original: â€Å"The world has a great writer in Erich Maria Remarque. He is a craftsman of unquestionably first rank, a man who can bend language to his will. Whether he writes of men or of inanimate nature, his touch is sensitive, firm, and sure.† (The New York Times, 2007). Paraphrased: Erich Maria Remarque is a great writer of the world. He is a first rank mater who is able to make the language obey his will. His touch is always sensitive, confident, and sure, no matter what he writes about. (The New York Times, 2007). How to Cite a Paraphrase MLA Format The MLA format requires to state the name of the author and the number of the page within parenthetical. For example: (Dickens, 25). However, if you mention the name of the author in the paraphrase, you have to use only the page number at the end. For example: According to Dickens, †¦(25). APA Format This format requires you to use the name of the author and the date within a parenthetical. For example: (Dickens, 1843). In case the author is cited within the paraphrase, just state the data at the end. For example: According to Dickens, †¦ (1843). Chicago Format This format requires you to use the footnotes for referring to a citation within the text. It’s necessary to state the full name of the author, the work title, the date of publishing, the year published, and the page numbers. For example: Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol, (London, 1843), 25. If you refer to the work for the second or more times, then use the abbreviation of the citation For example: Dickens, Christmas, 25. Paraphrasing Tools Fortunately, modern technologies develop fast and make students’ life even easier. Such tools help not only finds variants for their writing but also check it for various spelling and punctuation mistakes. You can also use various plagiarism checking programs to make sure your work is unique. Conclusion Anyone possesses the ability to paraphrase. It will be very helpful for you to master these skills to improve your writing abilities and make them more diverse. With the help of paraphrasing, you don’t seem to be dependent on the expertise research. The more you practice, the easier it will be for you to paraphrase.

A+ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A+ - Essay Example Washington was an indefatigable actor who seemed to have lived the life of Boone himself, having the vitality of a Black man who was trying to fight for his rights and the rights of his fellowmen during the time of the busing system. Will Patton, on the other hand who played the role of Bill Yoast, the White American who coached along with Boone, was quite the opposite. His part seemed boring that if he were given longer parts in the movie, the story would have been a bore. Although he is a good actor himself, Patton’s soft voice and sometimes timid manners can make his parts monotonous. On a general note, the performance of the actor is worthy of an acclamation despite his serious role which probably influenced his mood in the movie. The Titans, the football team coached by the two aforementioned characters, portrayed different personalities, completing an exciting team of young people. Ryan Hurst who played the role of Gerry Bertier, the team’s captain played his role well, as he showed how the player bloomed from a self-centered, bigoted racist to a leader who valued his team’s attitude rather than race and status. His Black counterpart Wood Harris, who played the role of Julius Campbell, gave an equally highly rated performance. He had the same dynamic exuberance as Hurst that they shared together in bringing to life their respective roles. Both actors showed their emotions unrestrainedly, making their performances realistic and moving. The friendship that developed between the two characters was beautifully pictured through the emotions, conversations and naturally executed performances of the actors. Adding to the exciting and smooth flow of the story were the contributions of other actors who played the roles of other football players in the team. The different characterizations first of all, showed the many variations of characters, attitudes, beliefs and perspectives of people, which in real life; make living more beautiful,

Communication at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Communication at work - Essay Example These two cultures are distinct not only in terms of norms and values but also differ with respect to how people behave and interact with each other. In today’s increasingly globalised world people from different cultural backgrounds are required to work together and have consensus on critical issues. Effective communication becomes very important in the context of such working relationships. It is therefore of particular significance to examine the influence of culture on the communication styles adopted by individuals as well its impact on people’s personal relationships. This paper illuminates the ways through which salient cultural characteristics influence an individual or whole society’s communication styles. It categorises the differences in cultures with respect to individualistic and collectivistic approaches as well as high and low context of communication. It basically aims to illustrate that culture plays a very important role in determining the way people communicate and interact with each other. Culture plays an important role in determining the specific traits and characteristics of individuals belonging to a group that are distinct from other groups of people. People tend to identify themselves with respect to cultural groups and take pride in associating with them. Hofstede defines culture as, â€Å"the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another† (51). People in a separate group share similar characteristics that are identifiable with the help of visible traits and qualities. Drake delineates that, â€Å"culture describes a group’s relatively homogenous evaluations of multiple, interrelated phenomena† (320). These homogenous cultural traits develop into certain social norms and values that have a significant impact on how people think, feel, observe

Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe Essay Example for Free

Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe Essay Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German writer and polymath back in the 1800s. Goethe is considered the supreme genius of modern German literature. Although he was alive so long ago, the ideas he put out there are still pertinent to the modern world: such as my personal life, recent movies, and current events. Goethe came up with this viewpoint on life: Until one is committed there is hesitancy, the chance to draw back, always ineffectiveness. Concerning all acts of initiative (and creation) there is one elementary truth, the ignorance of which kills countless ideas and splendid plans that the moment one definitely commits oneself, then providence moves too. All sorts of things occur to help that would never have otherwise occurred. A whole stream of events issues from the decision rising in one’s favor all manner of unforeseen, incidents and meeting and material assistance, which no man could have dreamed would have come his way. Whatever you can do, or dream you can, begin it. Boldness has genius, proven and magic in it. Begin it now! Goethe’s quote is a universal truth. His philosophy is even proven in my life. A project was given to me that I grew abhorrence for. Procrastinating until a couple days before the due date, I became upset and overwhelmed. I started convincing myself I could not do it. My mother said, â€Å"you’re making it harder than what it is. Do your research. Let the ideas come to you. It will all come together once you start. Stop putting it off and just do it. â€Å" With that in mind, I centered my concentration to my project and nothing but my project. Ideas kept coming to me as I let my mind and words flow. I became the person I needed to pretend to be for the project. I completed it to my best ability. I even made the appearance of my project outstanding. My teacher was so impressed with my work that she presented it to the class, and it was passed around the room. It all happened because I focused my mind on that specific goal. The movie Forrest Gump is an all-time favorite. The main character was committed to every task he was given. One day he decided to run, and he ran across the United States. It took him 3 years, 2 months, 14 days and 16 hours until he felt he was finished. Furthermore, while he was at camp in the army, all he did was play ping-pong. All he thought about was ping-pong. He even played ping-pong in his sleep. He was so good a whole crowd would come to watch him play. Even when he was in the army and went to save his â€Å"best good friend† Bubba, he didn’t stop until he found him. He saved his whole platoon that day while searching for Bubba. Every time he was on a mission or had a goal, he would direct all his focus to that particular objective. He had the ability to focus on anything and do it to his full potential. In the world today, we are in an economic crisis. Companies lay off workers; therefore, there are loads of unemployed people. Since they have no jobs, they are not receiving money. Companies aren’t selling much because people have no money to buy things that are not necessities. There is no flow of money. Everyone is afraid to put their cash out there because they are frightened by the fact that they might not be successful and wouldn’t have enough to buy necessities anymore. There is ineffectiveness and hesitancy in the world. No one wants to take a risk and be committed to one thing. Once people devote themselves to fixing the economy, it will happen. However, everyone is waiting on someone else to do it. Just like in the great depression, everyone was afraid to do something about the problem, until everyone said enough is enough and were devoted to fixing the problem; and look what happened because of that. We solved the crisis. In my final analysis, many people are not focused and are worried about too much. Focus on one thing and commit yourself to it. Everything a person does should be there center of attention. By doing this, one will achieve their goal and maybe even more than expected. Goethe’s philosophy shows how to reach a goal: Focus, commit, and do it. Just like Nike, a successful shoe company, says, â€Å"Just do it† and whatever you want to happen, will happen.

Electronic Mail and The Written Word :: Writing Technology Technological Papers

Electronic Mail and The Written Word Imagine a world without cyber culture technology. Picture using telegrams, typewriters, and payphones to connect to the world, sending all correspondence through mail, and leaving messages on home answering machines. At one time, these outdated items were the wave of the future. Mark Twain couldn’t believe his eyes when he saw the typewriter. Why aren’t these technical advances not good enough anymore? Why have these ways of communicating become historical artifacts? Most of one’s answer lies in the fact that people are constantly looking for faster, more convenient ways to achieve their goals, and cyber culture does just that. Tools such as e-mail provide one with a way to write and communicate with others in a very convenient way. The world we live in is very fast paced. Tasks such as hand writing and mailing letters have become too time consuming. As Dennis Baron writes in his essay â€Å"From Pencils to Pixels†, â€Å"†¦the physical effort of handwriting, crossing out, revising, cutting and pasting, in short, the writing practices I had been engaged in regularly since the age of four, now seemed to overwhelm and constrict me, and I longed for the flexibility of digitized text† (Tribble and Trubek 36). Besides the troubles of writing a letter, one would then have to stamp and seal the envelope, and rely on the trusty post office to deliver your letter in a timely manner. As essayist Adam Gopnik states, â€Å"Ten years ago, even the most literate of us wrote maybe half a dozen letters a year† (181). Ten years ago, one would have more than likely picked up the phone rather than sit down and write a letter. E-mail, in a way, has digitized the letter. It has created a way where people can conveniently correspond daily. One can e-mail a friend in California, a professor at Eastern, a grandparent in Florida, and a spouse at work all in a matter of minutes. E-mail, in some cases, is the only way people communicate with each other. For example, I have just recently within the past year come into contact again with my best friend from elementary school. Since she travels frequently to other countries for her job, it would be very difficult to keep in touch with her via letters and phone calls.

Manage Recruitment, Selection & Induction Essay

Question 1: Explain the role of probation as part of the recruitment process. All new staff employees are required to serve a probationary period. The probationary period allows the Department and the employee the opportunity to assess each others suitability. It is the responsibility of the Supervisor to continually review the services of staff on probation. An employee must be consulted if there are any problems with performance. Question 2: Explain the term ‘merit selection’ and its implication on equal employment opportunity. Selection based on merit is where the best possible match is made between qualifications, knowledge, skills, abilities and relevant experience of the applicants, and the selection criteria in the Position Description. When assessing applicants, only selection criteria are taken into account; that is, unlawful discrimination based on other applicant characteristics must not occur. In the case of casual and sessional staff, merit is determined by assessing applicants qualifications, skills, knowledge and experience against the duties to be performed. Question 3: Explain the relevant terms and conditions of employment. Not every code of practice of the employer which is referenced within the contract may have any force, but rather, can be used as a guideline. Therefore, when considering whether or not a specific document imposes contractual obligations, the test to be applied in determining intention, is whether a reasonable person would come to the conclusion that the person making the promise, had the intention of being bound by the statement. Question 4: Explain at least 2 valid psychometric testing that you can use in your selection process. Aptitude or Ability Tests Aptitude or ability tests provide information on a person’s ability to perform certain tasks and their potential to learn and understand new information and tasks. The tests cover skills such as: Verbal reasoning (critical evaluation of written information) Comprehension/grammar Numerical reasoning (logical interpretation of numerical and statistical information) Abstract, mechanical or spatial reasoning (pattern recognition) Information checking (checking errors / attention to detail tasks) IQ (how quickly you can learn and master a new task) They can be designed to indicate suitability for specific tasks eg computing, keyboard or foreign?language skills. Work style questionnaires (personality/motivation/Emotional Intelligence) Work style questionnaires or inventories are concerned with how you typically behave, such as?the way you relate to others or the way you approach and solve problems. They generally?explore personality characteristics relevant to the world of work. To answer the questions you often need to think about what you would do in a work situation. If you have no formal work experience, think about how you behave in similar situations such as voluntary work, university activities or when you are participating in your hobbies. Work style questionnaires look at factors such as: Ways of thinking, feeling and acting in different situations Interpersonal style, conflict style, leadership style Patterns of coping with stress Interests – how much do you like carrying out various types of activities at work. Motivations – look at the energy with which you approach your work, and the different conditions which increase or decrease your motivation. Work values– what factors make work worthwhile for you How you interpret your own and others emotions and behaviours Question 5: A. Explain the term outsourcing? Outsourcing is the act of one company contracting with another company to provide services that might otherwise be performed by in-house employees. Often the tasks that are outsourced could be performed by the company itself, but in many cases there are financial advantages that come from outsourcing. Many large companies now outsource jobs such as call center services, e-mail services, and payroll. These jobs are handled by separate companies that specialize in each service, and are often located overseas. b. What functions can Human Resources outsource in terms of recruitment selection and induction, please states advantages and disadvantages of each. Functions include: – Employee assistance/counseling – Retirement planning help – Pension administration – Temporary staffing – Background checks – Training and management development programs – Executive development and coaching – Health care benefits administration – Employee benefit administration – Payroll – Risk management – Executive staffing – Employee relocation – HRIS selection, training implementation – Recruitment – Executive compensation and incentive plans – Policy writing – Administration of compensation/incentive plans – Wage and salary administration Advantages Brings new ideas/talent into the organization get needed competencies Helps organization get needed competencies Provides cross-industry insights May reduce training costs Helps organization meet equal employment opportunity/affirmative action goals Disadvantages May result in misp lacements? Increases recruitment costs? May cause morale problems for internal candidates? Requires longer orientation or adjustment time Question 6: Research the following links to assist you in your answer. a) What is the role of the HREOC? Leading the promotion and protection of human rights in Australia by: Making human rights values part of everyday life and language. Empowering all people to understand and exercise their human rights. Working with individuals, community, business and government to inspire action. Keeping government accountable to national and international human rights standards. Securing an Australian charter of rights. b) What types of complaint can you make to the Commission The Australian Human Rights Commission can investigate and resolve complaints of discrimination, harassment and bullying based on a person’s: Sex, including pregnancy, marital status, breastfeeding, family responsibilities and sexual harassment Disability, including temporary and permanent disabilities; physical, intellectual, sensory, psychiatric disabilities, diseases or illnesses; medical conditions; work related injuries; past, present and future disabilities; and association with a person with a disability Race, including colour, descent, national or ethnic origin, immigrant status and racial hatred Age, covering young people and older people sexual preference, criminal record, trade union activity, political opinion, religion or social origin (in employment only) c) Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986 Grounds of discrimination – Breaches of human rights by any Commonwealth body or agency and discrimination in employment on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction, social origin, age, medical record, criminal record, marital status, impairment, disability, nationality, sexual preference, trade union activity. Areas covered – Commonwealth body or agency; employment and occupation. Process for decision making – Complaint must be in writing. It is then assessed and if within jurisdiction is investigated. If complaint is not declined, conciliation is attempted. If it cannot be conciliated, the Commission prepares a report to the federal Attorney General who then tables the report in Parliament. Question 7 : Summarise the national 10 privacy principles. There are ten National Privacy Principles (NPPs) that regulate how private sector organizations manage personal information. They cover the collection, use and disclosure, and secure management of personal information. They also allow individuals to access that information and have it corrected if it is wrong. NPP 1: collection – Describes what an organization should do when collecting personal information and what is told to the individual on collection. NPP 2: use and disclosure – Outlines how organization discloses and uses individual personal information. Under certain conditions and organization doesn’t always need the individuals consent to disclose personal information. NPPs 3 & 4: information quality and security – An organisation must take steps to ensure the personal information it holds is accurate and up-to-date, and is kept secure from unauthorised use or access. NPP 5: openness – An organisation must have a policy on how it manages personal information, and make it available to anyone who asks for it. NPP 6: access and correction – Gives individuals a general right of access to their personal information, and the right to have that information corrected if it is inaccurate, incomplete or out-of-date. NPP 7: identifiers – Generally prevents an organisation from adopting an Australian Government identifier for an individual (e.g. Medicare numbers) as its own. NPP 8: anonymity – Where possible, organisations must give individuals the opportunity to do business with them without the individual having to identify themselves. NPP 9: transborder data flows – Outlines how organisations should protect personal information that they transfer outside Australia. NPP 10: sensitive information – Sensitive information includes information such as health, racial or ethnic background, or criminal record. Higher standards apply to the handling of sensitive information. Question 8: List the elements contained in a contract of employment. The full name of employer and employee The address of the employer The place of work The title of job or nature of work The date the employment started If the contract is temporary, the expected duration of the contract If the contract of employment is for a fixed term, the details Details of rest periods and breaks as required by law The rate of pay or method of calculation of pay The pay reference period for the purposes of the National Minimum Wage Act 2000 Pay intervals Hours of work That the employee has the right to ask the employer for a written statement of his/her average hourly rate of pay as provided for in the National Minimum Wage Act 2000 Details of paid leave Sick pay and pension (if any) Period of notice to be given by employer or employee Details of any collective agreements that may affect the employee’s terms of employment

Political View Essay

My first political view was formed through my family. Although politics weren’t really discussed with children, I eavesdropped in the conversations from time to time. I would hear how they liked one candidate over the other due to the issues they stood for. By overhearing my parents, I learned which issues were favored in my community. Those I grew up around were democrats. I heard a lot about needing officials in office that cared about the people instead of money. Learning about government in school growing up allowed those views learned from my parents to be challenged. Although the curriculum was generally unbiased, the teachers that taught my courses had the opportunity to add their own opinions on a mass amount of political issues. This changed my mind on the democratic views that I had. The media has also influenced me through the information I have gained through it. Television and social media often discusses a lot of politics. They continue to cover the daily activities of the government. The presidential election is covered on the news as high priority. I am able to learn about the candidates that are running and each of their views. Because I don’t try to associate myself with a particular political party, the televised debates help me decided who to vote for president. Although my family, teachers, and the media has been a big influence on my political views, my own experiences with politics have formed my views the most. A lot of my life’s experiences have been affected by politics. Issues such as education and employment are big ticket items in politics that I am directly affected by. Keeping up with the current issues allow me to know what’s going to change for me personally. Although I am not tied to any specific political party, I do have certain issues that are important to me.

How to Identify Prepositional Phrases

How to Identify Prepositional Phrases Prepositional phrases are a central part of virtually every sentence spoken or written. Simply put, they always consist of a preposition and an object or objects of the preposition. So its good to get acquainted with this essential part of a sentence and how it affects your writing style. Here is the first paragraph of Chapter 29 of John Steinbecks famous novel The Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939. As you read this paragraph, see if you can identify all the prepositional phrases used by Steinbeck to convey the dramatic return of rain after a long, painful drought. When youre finished, compare your results with the second version of the paragraph, in which prepositional phrases are highlighted in italics. Steinbecks Original Paragraph in The Grapes of Wrath Over the high coast mountains and over the valleys the gray clouds marched in from the ocean. The wind blew fiercely and silently, high in the air, and it swished in the brush, and it roared in the forests. The clouds came in brokenly, in puffs, in folds, in gray crags; and they piled in together and settled low over the west. And then the wind stopped and left the clouds deep and solid. The rain began with gusty showers, pauses and downpours; and then gradually it settled to a single tempo, small drops and a steady beat, rain that was gray to see through, rain that cut midday light to evening. And at first the dry earth sucked the moisture down and blackened. For two days the earth drank the rain, until the earth was full. Then puddles formed, and in the low places little lakes formed in the fields. The muddy lakes rose higher, and the steady rain whipped the shining water. At last the mountains were full, and the hillsides spilled into the streams, built them to freshets, and sent them roaring down the canyons into the valleys. The rain beat on steadily. And the streams and the little rivers edged up to the bank sides and worked at willows and tree roots, bent the willows deep in the current, cut out the roots of cotton-woods and brought down the trees. The muddy water whirled along the bank sides and crept up the banks until at last it spilled over, into the fields, into the orchards, into the cotton patches where the black stems stood. Level fields became lakes, broad and gray, and the rain whipped up the surfaces. Then the water poured over the highways, and cars moved slowly, cutting the water ahead, and leaving a boiling muddy wake behind. The earth whispered under the beat of the rain, and the streams thundered under the churning freshets. When you have completed the identification exercise in the original paragraph, compare your results with this marked version. Steinbecks Paragraph With Prepositional Phrases in Bold Over the high coast mountains  and  over the valleys  the gray clouds marched  in from the ocean. The wind blew fiercely and silently, high  in the air, and it swished  in the brush, and it roared  in the forests. The clouds came in brokenly,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹in puffs, in folds, in gray crags; and they piled in together and settled low  over the west. And then the wind stopped and left the clouds deep and solid. The rain began  with gusty showers, pauses and downpours; and then gradually it settled  t​o a single tempo, small drops and a steady beat, rain that was gray to see through, rain that cut midday light  to evening. And  at first  the dry earth sucked the moisture down and blackened.  For two days  the earth drank the rain, until the earth was full. Then puddles formed, and  in the low places  little lakes formed  in the fields. The muddy lakes rose higher, and the steady rain whipped the shining water.  At last  the mountains were full , and the hillsides spilled  into the streams, built them  to freshlets, and sent them roaring  down the canyons into the valleys. The rain beat on steadily. And the streams and the little rivers edged  up to the bank sides  and worked  at willows and tree roots, bent the willows deep  in the current, cut out the roots  of cotton-woods  and brought down the trees. The muddy water whirled  along the bank sides  and crept  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹up the banks  until  at last  it spilled over,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹into the fields,  into the orchards, into the cotton patches  where the black stems stood. Level fields became lakes, broad and gray, and the rain whipped up the surfaces. Then the water poured  over the highways, and cars moved slowly, cutting the water ahead, and leaving a boiling muddy wake behind. The earth whispered  under the beat of the rain, and the streams thundered  under the churning freshlets. Common Prepositions about behind except outside above below for over across beneath from past after beside in through against between inside to along beyond into under among by near until around despite of up at down off with before during on without

The Wright Brothers Make the First Flight

The Wright Brothers Make the First Flight At 10:35 a.m. on December 17, 1903, Orville Wright flew the Flyer for 12 seconds over 120 feet of the ground. This flight, conducted on Kill Devil Hill just outside of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, was the very first flight by a manned, controlled, heavier-than-air aircraft that flew under its own power. In other words, it was the first flight of an airplane. Who Were the Wright Brothers? Wilbur Wright (1867-1912) and Orville Wright (1871-1948) were brothers who ran both a printing shop and a bicycle shop in Dayton, Ohio. The skills they learned from working on printing presses and bicycles were invaluable in trying to design and build a working airplane. Although the brothers interest in flight had stemmed from a small helicopter toy from their childhood, they didnt begin experimenting with aeronautics until 1899, when Wilbur was 32 and Orville was 28. Wilbur and Orville began by studying aeronautical books, then talked with civil engineers. Next, they built kites. Wing Warping Wilbur and Orville Wright studied the designs and accomplishments of other experimenters but soon realized that no one had yet found a way to control aircraft while in the air. By studiously observing birds in flight, the Wright brothers came up with the concept of wing warping.​ Wing warping allowed the pilot to control the roll of the plane (horizontal movement) by raising or lowering flaps located along the planes wingtips. For instance, by raising up one flap and lowering the other, the plane would then begin to bank (turn). The Wright brothers tested their ideas using kites and then, in 1900, built their first glider. Testing at Kitty Hawk Needing a place that had regular winds, hills, and sand (to provide a soft landing), the Wright brothers selected Kitty Hawk in North Carolina to conduct their tests. Wilbur and Orville Wright took their glider into the Kill Devil Hills, located just south of Kitty Hawk, and flew it. However, the glider did not do as well as they had hoped. In 1901, they built another glider and tested it, but it too did not work well. Realizing that the problem was in the experimental data they had used from others, they decided to conduct their own experiments. To do so, they went back to Dayton, Ohio and built a small wind tunnel. With the information gained from their own experiments in the wind tunnel, Wilbur and Orville built another glider in 1902. This one, when tested, did exactly what the Wrights expected. Wilbur and Orville Wright had successfully solved the problem of control in flight. Next, they needed to build an aircraft that had both control and motorized power. The Wright Brothers Build the Flyer The Wrights needed an engine that would be powerful enough to lift a plane from the ground, but not weigh it down significantly. After contacting a number of engine manufacturers and not finding any engines light enough for their task, the Wrights realized that in order to get an engine with the specifications they needed, they must design and build their own. While the Wilbur and Orville Wright designed the engine, it was the clever and able Charlie Taylor, a machinist who worked with the Wright brothers in their bicycle shop, who built it carefully crafting each individual, unique piece. With little experience working with engines, the three men managed to put together a 4-cylinder, 8 horsepower, gasoline engine that weighed 152 pounds in just six weeks. However, after some testing, the engine block cracked. It took another two months to make a new one, but this time, the engine had a whopping 12 horsepower. Another engineering struggle was determining the shape and size of the propellers. Orville and Wilbur would constantly discuss the intricacies of their engineering problems. Although they hoped to find solutions in nautical engineering books, they ultimately discovered their own answers through trial, error, and lots of discussion. When the engine was completed and the two propellers created, Wilbur and Orville placed these into their newly built, 21-foot long, spruce-and-ash framed Flyer. With the finished product weighing 605 pounds, the Wright brothers hoped that the motor would be strong enough to lift the plane. It was time to test their new, controlled, motorized aircraft. The December 14, 1903 Test Wilbur and Orville Wright traveled to Kitty Hawk in September 1903. Technical difficulties and weather problems delayed the first test until December 14, 1903. Wilbur and Orville flipped a coin to see who would get to make the first test flight and Wilbur won. However, there wasnt enough wind that day, so the Wright brothers took the Flyer up to a hill and flew it. Although it did take flight, it crashed at the end and needed a couple days to repair. Nothing definitive was gained from this flight since the Flyer had taken off from a hill. The First Flight at Kitty Hawk On December 17, 1903, the Flyer was fixed and ready to go. The weather was cold and windy, with winds reported around 20 to 27 miles per hour. The brothers tried to wait until the weather improved but by 10 a.m. it had not, so they decided to try a flight anyway. The two brothers, plus several helpers, set up the 60-foot monorail track that helped keep the Flyer in line for lift-off. Since Wilbur had won the coin toss on December 14,  it was Orvilles turn to pilot. Orville  clambered onto the Flyer, laying flat on his tummy on the middle of the bottom wing. The biplane, which had a 40-foot 4-inch wingspan, was ready to go. At 10:35 a.m. the Flyer started off with Orville as pilot and Wilbur running along the right side, holding onto the lower wing to help stabilize the plane. Around 40 feet along the track, the Flyer took flight, staying in the air for 12 seconds and traveling 120 feet from liftoff. They had done it. They had made the very first flight with a manned, controlled, powered, heavier-than-air aircraft. Three More Flights That Day The men were excited about their triumph but they were not done for the day. They went back inside to warm up by a fire and then went back outside for three more flights. The fourth and final flight proved their best. During that last flight, Wilbur piloted the Flyer for 59 seconds over 852 feet. After the fourth test flight, a strong gust of wind blew the Flyer over, making it tumble and breaking it so severely that it would never be flown again.   After Kitty Hawk Over the next several years, the Wright Brothers would continue perfecting their airplane designs but would suffer a major setback in 1908 when they were involved in the first fatal airplane crash. In this crash, Orville Wright was severely injured but  passenger Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge died. Four years later, having recently returned from a six-month trip to Europe for business, Wilbur Wright became ill with typhoid fever. Wilbur never recovered, passing away on May 30, 1912, at the age of 45. Orville Wright continued to fly for the next six years, making daring stunts and setting speed records, stopping only when aches left over from his 1908 crash would no longer let him fly. Over the next three decades, Orville kept busy continuing scientific research, making public appearances, and battling lawsuits. He lived long enough to witness the historic flights of great aviators such as Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart as well as recognize the  important roles that planes played in World War I and World War II. On January 30, 1948, Orville Wright died at age 77 of a massive heart attack.

Design of one Operation Unit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Design of one Operation Unit - Essay Example The technology currently accounts for more than 20% of air separations. In cryogenic distillation applied in this design, air is liquefied, and then fractionally distilled, separating the air into its constituents primarily nitrogen, oxygen and argon. This is a complex process that is the most common and efficient method of large scale oxygen production. It is also the most efficient method of storing oxygen. Liquid oxygen storage is six to eight times more efficient than high pressure cylinders. The complexities and cool down requirements highly favour continuously operating production plants; this is not usually the mode of operation for field medical facilities. Liquid oxygen can be stored, but there is a loss rate that is dependent on the size of the container, the amount of liquid oxygen in the container, and the ambient temperature. Liquid oxygen cannot be stored for long term use. It is a simple matter to safely fill high pressure oxygen cylinders using liquid oxygen. Cryogeni c air separation is currently the most efficient and cost-effective technology for producing large quantities of oxygen, nitrogen, and argon as gaseous or liquid products. An air separation unit using a conventional, multi-column cryogenic distillation process produces oxygen from compressed air at high recoveries and purities. Cryogenic technology can also produce high-purity nitrogen as a useful by product stream at relatively low incremental cost. In addition, liquid argon, liquid oxygen, and liquid nitrogen can be added to the product slate for stored product backup or byproduct sales at low incremental capital and power costs. Capacity and product specification The designed system comprises of 3 columns with a length of 1 meter each. Its ID is 3cm. The system is equipped with an automated control system for regulation of each cycle’s time to monitor and record rate of flow, system pressure, and temperatures of the columns. The designed system can be applied to an extensi ve range of absorbents and pressures in facilitating the adsorption process. The targeted optimal rate of flow of oxygen to be produce by the system is 80 lit/min. design specifications are illustrated in the tables below, Capacity table: Theoretical Model Fix layer and dynamic regime adsorption is often characterized by continuous fluid flow phase going via an adsorbent layer within a time variable process (Nexant Inc., 2010). This is theoretically represented in the diagram below: At the process start, free adsorbent layer volume is considered as filled up with a given component A which cannot be absorbed and further, the solid is â€Å"clean†, and does not have any absorbing component B. Other assumptions made are that the gas is ideal; the absorbent layer has constant temperature, the section has constant speed, and that there is an insignificant pressure drop in the layer. This process is represented in a mathematical model which incorporates multiple equations referring to adsorbed component in volume element of height, fluid phase, and solid and the balance equation. These equations are illustrated hereafter, Product stands for mass transfer coefficient per absorbent layer’s unit volume. The first two equations can be simplified using a modified time variable as follows, The equations can be solved simoultaneously with knowledge of limit conditions: At the start, adsorbed component concentration is zero at any point in the adsorption

Property Law as Applied to Rural Retreats Essay

Property Law as Applied to Rural Retreats - Essay Example As the discussion stresses this agreement restricting Rural Retreats’ use of Easy Access constitutes a significant instrument that crucially affects the proper use of the lot, where its abandonment in the part of Rural Retreats will negatively affect the well-being of its purchasers and successors in title. The importance Easy Access holds as a car park for the estate constitutes what Sec. 29 of the Land Title Act of 1994 as crucial to â€Å"ensure that the register is an accurate, comprehensive and useable record of freehold land in the State.† This paper declares that no registrable interest exists for Nohrain in this case, the registrar should have registered details about Easy Access being a car park, which cannot be used for other purposes or sold, without the lot owners’ consent. In order to protect his interests to the parking lot, Nohrain, preferably with the cooperation of the other lot owners in the estate, has two options: he can make an appeal by virtue of the Land Title Act for the registrar to correct the register to Easy Access and include the provisions included in the sale of the lots regarding Easy Access, or Nohrain can lodge a caveat on Easy Access to prevent the property from being sold or modified in its terms of use. Nohrain has rights to the easement because as the agreement between Olga and the Council provides, Olga, together with her family, occupiers of her lot, and successors in title, which includes Nohrain, are included among those who will benefit from the free water supply.

Management, Organization and Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management, Organization and Media - Essay Example Likewise, organizational behavior to a large aspect normally focuses on managerial and organizational behaviors within an organizational setup. The movie â€Å"the devil wears Prada† focuses on Andy who is an aspiring journalist who gets himself a job or position considered to be dream a job for many girls (Bell, Warren & Schroeder, 2013). Andrea is hired as a second assistant to Miranda Priestly, who is described as a powerful and ruthless executive of the magazine company where Andy finds her job (Champoux, 2001). To Andy, her new job position is seen as a stepping stone into the famous world of publishing and she tries her best to last in the position for a period of one year in spite of the position demanding too much from her. However, her time at the position opens up a new world for Andy for another journalist position she desires in her future. This essay, therefore examines management and organizational issues raised in the movie â€Å"The Devil Wears Prada† di rected by David Frankel in 2006 (The devil wears Prada, 2006). In the movie â€Å"the devil wears prada† issues of leaderships have been displayed in different characters and especially the main characters in the movie. Leadership can be described as the act of influencing others to follow a certain path or take a different direction from the one they choose to achieve certain set objectives (Czarniawska et al, 1994). The two characters in the movie that exudes leadership qualities are Miranda Priestly and Emily Charlton. What makes these two characters execeptional in the movie in regards to the leadership and managerial issues? Emily, who was acting as Miranda’s second in the power position, however deteriorates when Andrea Sach is appointed to occupy her position. This means that the privileges and powers she was enjoying while serving in her position are taken away, and given to someone else. Just like many

The Rule of Law and the Separation of Powers

The Rule of Law and the Separation of Powers The rule of law and the separation of powers have a particularly important role to play within the UK’s unwritten constitution. They allocate and restrain power so as to ensure that the constitutional system remains accountable and limited. It is a common observation that the UK does not have a written constitution. However, it is the existence of mechanisms such as respect for the rule of law and the operation of a (more or less) rigorous separation of powers together with devices such as constitutional conventions that allows this jurisdiction to lay claim to the existence of a constitution albeit one which is not formally recorded in a written document. Bradley and Ewing[1] analyse the rule of law by focussing upon three aspects of its operation in contemporary society: the simple maintenance of law and order; the requirement that government be conducted according to the law; the broader concept of the rule of law as a broad political doctrine which goes beyond an analysis of the operation of particular laws and encompasses the values of a free and democratic society. The â€Å"law and order† model which holds that order is better than anarchy. The difficulty with this approach is that it is possible thereunder to characterise a military dictatorship as functioning according to the rule of law since a form of order is maintained and courts may even continue to function to resolve private disputes between citizens. However, the authors make the point[2] that â€Å"†¦constitutionalism and the rule of law will not thrive unless legal restraints apply to the government.† A better approach is to examine the manner in which the courts have the ability to challenge the acts of the Executive and other public authorities. The use of judicial review to scrutinise the actions of Ministers and Government Departments is familiar. Further, in M v Home Office[3] it was even held that a Minister of the Crown could be guilty of contempt of (one of Her Majesty’s) Courts. The argument that the courts had no such powers against ministers met with a stinging rebuttal: â€Å"[This argument] would, if upheld, establish the proposition that the executive obey the law as a matter of grace and not as a matter of necessity, a proposition which would reverse the result of the Civil War.†(!) The principle has been further reinforced by the adoption of the European Convention on Human Rights which now provides a mechanism by which the very laws of this jurisdiction can be examined to ascertain their â€Å"lawfulness†. The concept of the rule of law as a broad political doctrine has generated much debate. One the one hand, it is possible to argue that the law comprises a set of absolute values distilled from centuries of legal experience; on the other it may be argued that the rule of law is a flexible concept which has to be adjusted in accordance with the prevailing social and political circumstances of the time. Professor Joseph Raz[4] argues that the rule of law is a â€Å"political ideal which a legal system may possess to a greater or lesser degree† and that it is â€Å"just one of the virtues that a legal system may possess and by which it is to be judged†. Raz therefore does not invest the rule of law with any inherent moral authority stating expressly that it â€Å"is not to be confused with democracy, justice, equality (before the law or otherwise) human rights of any kind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  While this approach may be highly respected from a jurisprudential perspective, it is of little value in understanding the operation of the rule of law in the UK constitution. A far more preferable and workmanlike analysis is that of Friedrich von Hayek in the seminal work The Road to Serfdom[5]. He propounds the thesis that the function of the rule of law is to ensure that the government is bound in all its actions by rules fixed and announced beforehand. Such a state of affairs makes it possible to predict how the government will employ its coercive powers in a given situation and to plan one’s individual affairs on this basis. Thus the rule of law in the UK constitution is founded upon certainty: laws are democratically debated and publicly promulgated and, as a general rule, do not operate retrospectively. The UK citizen is therefore protected from the â€Å"whim of the tyrant† approach to lawmaking and has the added shield of the power of the courts (domestic and European) to review government action and the validity of the laws themselves. In order for such a system to be maintained, especially in the absence of a written constitution to which recourse may be had in the event of alleged injustice (as in the USA), it is essential that there be a clear separation of powers between the three branches of government: Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. This separation is clear cut in the USA – the President forms the Executive, Congress is the Legislature and the same personnel cannot serve in both (save that the Vice-President chairs the Senate). Government action can be reviewed by the Supreme Court. In the UK, as might be expected given the historical evolution of the constitution as opposed to its imposition by a written document, there are certain anomalies and overlaps. By constitutional convention, the Prime Minister is the leader of the party with the majority in the House of Commons. Ministers of State are recruited for the most part from members of the Commons with a smaller number from the Lords. The sys tem of party political â€Å"whipping† has the result that (save in the case of occasional highly-publicised rebellions) the actions of the Legislature reflect the will of the Government of the day. The Judiciary is more demonstrably independent and some would argue that this is now the more so as a result of the steps to relocate the functions of the highest appellate court in the UK from the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords to an entirely distinguishable Supreme Court. This process has generated much political and constitutional heat. It was strenuously argued that the presence of the Law Lords in the legislative assembly of the House of Lords was offensive to the concept of separation of powers. However, defenders of the status quo pointed to the fact that their Lordships by convention scrupulously refrained from debate upon issues which were likely to come before them in their judicial function. However, Lord Bingham[6] is sceptical as to the purity of the functio n of the judiciary: â€Å"The essential function of the court is then to interpret the law which it infers that parliament intended to make or would have made if it had addressed the point at all. This is not as legislative role, nor is it a purely interpretive role, since the court may have to do a good deal more than elicit the meaning of what parliament has enacted.† The most glaring anomaly in relation to separation of powers in the UK has been the figure of Lord Chancellor. He has served as a member of the Executive by sitting in Cabinet, as a member of the Legislature by acting as Speaker of the House of Lords and as head of the Judiciary. It has been observed[7] that successive Lord Chancellors have relied upon the â€Å"characteristically English argument† that eminent public figures can by definition be trusted so that a formal separation of powers is not required. This argument was propelled to new depths of disingenuousness by Lord Irvine in 1999[8] when he suggested that the presence of the Lord Chancellor straddling all three branches of government actually safeguarded separation of powers by supplying a voice in the Executive and the Legislature that was able to speak out on behalf of judicial independence. As with the rule of law, the European influence may be argued to strengthen rather than diminish separation of powers. Lord Irvine[9] argues that: â€Å"Incorporation [of the European Convention on Human Rights] will enhance the judges’ power to protect the individual against the abuse of power by the state. We have a high quality of judicial review in this country. It has often rightly held the executive to account and improved the quality of administrative decision-making. So the concept of judges protecting the citizen and holding the executive to account is nothing new. What is new is that the judges will be given a framework by parliament within which to interpret the law.† Thus it may be concluded that, notwithstanding the lack of a written constitution, the UK citizen is protected from capricious and unlawful acts of government by respect for the rule of law. This should not be regarded as an abstract philosophical concept: the principle operates within this jurisdiction to ensure that acts of government are transparent and predictable. When they fall short of these standards, the fact that there is a demonstrable independence of Judiciary and Executive (as has been seen the independence of the Legislature from the Executive is more questionable) means that the actions of government can be challenged and, if necessary, overturned. These various constantly evolving mechanisms ensure that the exercise of power within the UK constitution is accountable and limited. Bibliography Alder, J., General Principles of Constitutional and Administrative Law, (4th Ed., 2002) Allen, M. Thompson, B., Cases and Materials on Constitutional and Administrative Law, (7th Ed., 2003) Barnett, H., Constitutional and Administrative Law, (5th Ed., 2004) Bradley, A. Ewing, K., Constitutional and Administrative Law, (13th Ed., 2003) 1 Footnotes [1] Constitutional and Administrative Law, (13th Ed., 2003), Chapter 6 [2] Op. Cit., p.96 [3] [1994] 1 AC 377 [4] Quoted in Barnett, Constitutional and Administrative Law, (5th Ed., 2004) at p.77 [5] See Barnett, Op. Cit., p.79 et seq [6] (1996/97) 7 King’s College Law Journal 15-16 [7] Alder, General Principles of Constitutional and Administrative Law, (4th Ed., 2002) at p.114 [8] Speech to the Third Worldwide Common Law Judiciary Conference, Edinburgh, 5 July 1999 [9] Constitutional Reform and a Bill of Rights, [1997] European Human Rights Law Review 483

America Needs More Immigrants Essays -- Immigrants Immigration Persua

America Needs More Immigrants America is sometimes referred to as a "nation of immigrants" because of our largely open-door policy toward accepting foreigners pursuing their vision of the American Dream. Recently, there has been a clamor by some politicians and citizens toward creating a predominantly closed-door policy on immigration, arguing that immigrants "threaten" American life by creating unemployment by taking jobs from American workers, using much-needed social services, and encroaching on the "American way of life." While these arguments may seem valid to many, they are almost overwhelmingly false, and more than likely confused with the subject of illegal immigration. In fact, immigrants actually enhance American life by creating, not taking jobs, bolster social service funds through tax payments, and bring valuable technical knowledge and skills to our country. If we are to continue to excel as a nation, the traditionalists who fear an encroachment of foreign-born Americans must learn to ac cept that we achieved our greatness as a result of being "a nation of immigrants." Â  A common argument among those opposing further immigration is that foreigners take U.S. jobs and cause unemployment among the displaced American workers. In the July 13, 1992 edition of Business Week , a poll states that sixty-two percent of non-blacks and sixty-three percent of blacks agree that "new immigrants take jobs away from American workers." This is a widely held, if erroneous belief, among Americans. However, Julian L. Simon, author of The Economic Consequences of Immigration , states: immigration does not exacerbate unemployment...Immigrants not only take jobs, but also create them. Their purchases increas... ...cent more likely...to have post-graduate educations" than Americans, according to Simon. The traditionalists opposing immigration must recognize our lives are enhanced by their knowledge and education, and that in order to "preserve our nation", they must realize we are a "nation of immigrants" and let others prove their worth. Â  The issue of immigration must be dealt with rationally, not emotionally. Facts, figures, and statistics must be studied by both sides in order to reach a decision most beneficial to our nation. Our lives are enhanced by the new jobs created by immigrants, the social service funds bolstered by their tax payments, and the valuable technical skills and knowledge brought with them. These benefits far outweigh any negative effects and prove the value of immigrants as they pursue the American Dream in our "nation of immigrants." Â  

Business Conduct in the Mining Industry Essay

Business ethics are defined as the collective values of a business organisation that can be used to evaluate whether the behaviour of the collective members of the organisation are considered acceptable and appropriate (ed. Campbell 2014). Many companies in the mining industry lack incentive to promote business conduct in line with ethical standards in regards to the fundamental principles encompassed in the Global Business Standard Codex (GBSC) (Paine et al. 2005). Such principles that should be encouraged include the principle of dignity in regards to contributing to the development of local communities and also the principles of transparency and citizenship in relation to environmental concerns. Companies in the mining sector may be motivated to contribute and improve the economic and social development of locals, respecting the dignity of Indigenous communities (Paine et al. 2005). A publication by the Australian Human Rights Commission, suggests that corporate responsibility requires the incorporation of human rights principles pertinent to a sustainable relationship between Indigenous people and mining companies, including the protection and maintenance of traditional culture. There are many corporations that strive to respect the dignity of Indigenous people through acknowledging the customary rights of and engaging with local communities to ensure that their activities positively enhance the lives of those affected by their operations (Everinghim et al. 2013). BHP Billiton is one company committed to working with local Indigenous communities by engaging frequently and openly with communities affected by their activities, and by taking the views and apprehensions of these communities into account in decision-making. The company acts diligently to avoid infringing on the rights and traditions of local communities, and has also established  numerous education initiatives, such as the Warrae Wanni Pathways to School Program in Musswellbrook, NSW, Australia to help Indigenous children and children from disadvantaged backgrounds gain access to better education (BHP Billiton 2013). By engaging with local communities consistently with human rights principles, mining companies are able to deliver enduring benefits to these communities with prospects of jobs and business from the mine, supporting a sustainable relationship with Indigenous communities and helping maintain their cultures (Cragg & Greenbaum 2012). Mining companies should create employment opportunities, promote education programs and engage in consultation processes with local communities in order to support the sustainable development of these communities (Paine et al. 2005). By cooperating with and respecting local communities and their cultures, mining companies are able to promote the sustainable development of these communities in line with the dignity principle of the GBSC. Another issue within the mining industry is that companies may not be compelled to report on their consumption of environmental resources used in their operations when mining for raw materials (Paine et al. 2005). There are many businesses around the globe that do not have appropriate provisions in place in regards to disclosing information about their consumption of natural resources and enhancing biodiversity. In a report by Cambodians for Resource Revenue Transparency (2013), many of the locals interviewed were concerned that mineral exploration by Australian mining companies would intrude on their land, devastating spiritual forests and demolish culturally significant sites because the companies had little engagement with local communities and the disclosure of information was limited. Numerous mines established in developing countries are usually more concerned with acquiring land to excavate in order to expand operations and produce profits, with little regard for the environmental impact they have on the land and surrounding communities, due to unethical decisions made with little governance (Cragg et al. 2002). Such decisions include diverting or damming rivers in order to operate the mine, moving local villages in order to exploit more land, and other unsustainable practices performed when mining raw materials (Siegel 2013). Mining companies should be legally required to disclose how their activities impact the land on and around  which they operate and be accountable for any adverse environmental issues that arise from such activities, leading to a dramatic decrease in unethical practices in the mining industry (Northcott 2012). A lack of emphasis on the principle of transparency in the mining industry may lead to the unsustainable use of resources and the degradation of land surrounding mines because companies are currently not required to disclose information about their operations. Some companies in the mining industry, however, are seen to promote ethical practices regarding resource usage and environmental impact in line with the citizenship principle encompassed in the GBSC (Paine et al. 2005). These companies place a high regard for the protection and sustainable development of the natural environment on lands on which they operate and abroad. Mining companies operating in Australia are governed by stringent regulations on their operating activities and are encouraged to constructively engage in tackling greenhouse gas emissions, efficiently using energy and preserving the biodiversity of ecosystems (Siegel 2013). Mining giant, BHP Billiton is committed to being a responsible steward of natural resources by implementing energy efficiency and green-house gas reduction projects, and aiding the rehabilitation of disturbed areas used in operations (BHP Billiton 2013). Through their interactions with natural resources, mining companies can act as responsible citizens of the community by aspiring to protect and deliver lasting benefits to the environment and communities through the improvement natural resource management and the reduction greenhouse gas emissions (Worrell & Appleby 2000). Mining companies should be activist on issues such as environmental impact, ensure their activities clean up any environmental damage caused by operations and strive for the sustainable management of natural resources (Paine et al. 2005). While there are numerous companies involved in mining that promote the responsible and sustainable use of land and resources, acting as responsible citizens of the nation in which they operate, there is growing need for the citizenship principle to be further enforced to offer guidance for other mining companies across the globe in regards to how their activities should not cause further environmental damage. The promotion and implementation of ethical standards within the mining industry is essential in order to ensure corporate decisions are made to encompass moral values. Mining activities resulting from business decisions have a wide impact on not only themselves, but also on the wider community and the environment, spurring the need to adopt a code of conduct encompassing the principles outlined in the Global Business Standard Codex (Paine et al. 2005). References Type your reference list in alphabetical order author’s LAST/SURNAME below: Appleby, MC Worrell, R 2000, ‘Stewardship of natural resources: definition, ethical and practical aspects’, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 263-277, viewed 31 March 2014, Australian Human Rights Commission 2002, ‘Corporate Responsibility – Developing principles on Resource Development on Indigenous land: Human Rights Based Approach to Mining on Aboriginal Land’, viewed 25 May 2014, BHP Billiton, BHP Billiton sustainability report 2013, viewed 25 May 2014, Cambodians for Resource Revenue Transparency April 2013, ‘Transparency and minerals development in Cambodia: the cases of OZ Minerals and BHP Billiton,’ viewed 25 May 2014, Cragg, W & Greenbaum, A 2002, ‘Reasoning about responsibilities: mining company managers on what stakeholders are owed’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 319-35, viewed 31 March 2014, Everingham, J, Rifkin, W, Collins, N 2013, ‘Indigenous enterprise initiative’, Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining, The University of Queensland, viewed 8 May 2014, Northcott, MS 2012, ‘Artificial persons against nature: environmental governmentality, economic corporations, and ecological ethics’, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 12491, no.1, pp. 104-17, viewed 8 May 2014,< https://vuws.uws.edu.au/bbcswebdav/pid-998577-dt-content-rid 12774999_1/courses/200336_2014_aut/1%20Assessments/Req%20Readings/Northcott%20%282012%29.pdf> Paine, L, Desphande, R, Margolis, JD, Bettcher, KE 2005, ‘Up to code: does your company’s conduct meet world-class standards?’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 83, no. 12, pp. 122-33, viewed 8 May 2014, Siegel, S 2013, ‘The missing ethics in mining,’ Ethics and international affairs, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 3-17, viewed 8 May 2014, Vuws database, DOI 10.1017/S0892679412000731. Stanwick, P & Stanwick, S 2014, ‘The foundation of ethical thought’, in N Campbell (ed.) Business academic skills, 5th edn, Pearson Australia, Sydney, pp. 48-58

Investigatory Project Essay

1. Get an idea. All of the following steps will base on your idea. Make sure it doesn’t break any rule or else you might get disqualified. You can search for it if you don’t have any idea. 2. Form a title. Usually titles are in a form of a question. This are examples. The question can start in how, does and many other. Does temperature affect the growth of molds? Does salt affect the density of water? 3. Research your idea. You have to know your idea more. You can do this by reading, surfing the Internet or discussing it. Knowing your idea more will help you construct your work. 4. Form a hypothesis. Hypothesis will be your prediction in the idea that you choose. You don’t need to research for this. You just have to guess. Make sure it is accurate and clear. 5. Plan your experiment. Your experiment will confirm your hypothesis. Make sure the experiment will answers or really confirms the hypothesis. 6. Plan your materials. You will need on your experiment. Make sure they are easy to buy and cheap. As much as possible, plan materials that is already in your house. 7. Test your experiment. Use the steps that you have planed. If all else fails try a different step or a different material. If you really want to win the science fair, this will be a big step for you. 8. Observe the result. Sometimes it is in a form of a graph but it depends on your work. You can write it in a journal so you can review it. 9. Have a conclusion. Now that you have confirmed your hypothesis, it’s time to write a conclusion. You can answer the question in your title. You may also tell if your hypothesis is correct or not. Again, make sure it is accurate and clear. Most of us have conducted an investigatory science project without even knowing it—or at least without knowing that’s what it was called. Most science experiments performed, from elementary to high school students and all the way up to professional scientists, are investigatory projects. What’s an Investigatory Project Exactly? An investigatory project is basically any science experiment where you start with an issue or problem and conduct research or an investigation to decide what you think the outcome will be. After you’ve created your hypothesis or  proposal, you can conduct a controlled experiment using the scientific method to arrive at a conclusion. What’s the Scientific Method? Remember, however, that a successful investigatory science project does not necessarily have to result in the intended outcome. The purpose of these projects is to think critically, and if the solution doesn’t work out, that doesn’t mean your project will fail. What Kind of Investigatory Projects Are There? In order to conduct a great investigatory experiment, you have to ask an interesting question and be able to conduct an experiment that can hopefully answer that question. The harder and more intriguing the initial question is, the better the resulting investigation and experiment will be. I’ve listed a few examples below of some of the best investigatory experiments out there, so hopefully you’ll have no problem coming up with an idea. Project #1: Making Soap Out of Guava Basic hygiene should be available to everyone, but what about people who live in areas without easy access to grocery stores or pharmacies? This is a great question that makes you think about scientific alternatives to store-bought soap. Below is an example project that creates soap from guava leaf extract and sodium hydroxide, but there’s no shortage of materials you can use to replace the guava, like coconut oil or a fat like lard, butter or even the grease from your kitchen. Doing an investigatory project considers as a major achievement of any students in Science. Through scientific investigation, they learn how to apply the acquired knowledge, scientific concepts, theories, principles and laws of nature. They can use their higher-order process or thinking skills in conducting a research. Let us provide you a brief description of the parts of the Science Investigatory Project Report below. Title The Title should be clear and precise. It has an objective or purpose. It should not be written too long or too short. By just reading the title, you can determine what the investigative study is all about. Abstract The Abstract should be one or two paragraphs only. It includes your research problems, the method or procedure that you used and the findings or conclusion of the study. Chapter I 1. Introduction and Its Background The Introduction is about one page only wherein it includes the background of the study and its rationale. It usually leads into the research problem. 2. Statement of the Problem The Statement of the Problem has two categories namely: the general problem and specific problems. Usually, one general problem and three specific problems which derived from the general problem. The research problems should be specific, reliable,valid, measurable, objectively stated. It can be a question form or in a declarative statement. 3. Formulation of the Hypothesis The Formulation of the Hypothesis has two types namely: the null hypothesis and affirmative hypothesis. Hypotheses is a scientific guess which intends subject for thorough investigation. It is recommended to use null hypothesis in your research project. 4. Significant of the Study The Significant of the Study indicates how important is your investigatory project for the people, environment and community as a whole. It is really relevant in the changing world or global impact into the field of technology. 5. Scope and Delimitation of the Study The Scope and Delimitation of the Study covers the range of your research. It includes the period of research, the materials and equipment to be used, the subject of the study or the sample of the study, the procedure and the statistical treatment to be used. 6. Definition of Terms The Definition of Terms has two types: the Dictionary-derived definitions and the Operational definitions which derived from how these terms were used in your research. Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies Related Literature The Related Literature are statements taken from science books, journals, magazines, newspapers and any documents from authorized scientists, Science experts or well-known Science agencies. These statements can support your study through their concepts, theories, principles and laws. Footnoting is important on this part. Related Studies The Related Studies are those researches which may be local and foreign studies who can attribute to your research or can support your investigation scientifically. Footnoting is also important on this part. Chapter III Methodology has several parts namely: the subject of the study, the procedure and the statistical treatment 1. The Subject of the Study The Subject of the Study includes your population and the sample. It applies the sampling techniques to obtain a good sample of the study. Your sample should be valid and reliable. 2. The Procedure The Procedure is the step by step and systematic process of doing your research. It includes the materials with right amount of measurements, the appropriate equipment to be used in doing the scientific investigation. It consists of several trials with control variables, independent variables and dependent variables. Gathering of data is essential in any kind of research. It is recommended to use control and experimental set-ups to arrive at valid conclusion. 3. The Statistical Treatment The Statistical Treatment comes in various ways. It can be mean, median, mode, percentage, Chi-square, standard deviation, T-test, Pearson r, Spearman rank or Anova I or Anova II. It is recommended to use T-test in any experimental research. Chapter IV Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data 1. Presentation of Data, Analysis and Interpretation of Data The data gathered should be presented in order to be analyzed. It may be presented in two forms namely: through table or graph. You may use both of them if you want to clearly figure out your data. A table has labels with quantity, description and units of measurement. Graph has several types namely the  line graph, bar graph, pie graph and pictograph. Choose what type of graph that you prefer to use. Analyze the data that had been gathered, presented in table or graph scientifically. You interpret the data according to what had been quantified and measured. The numerical data should be interpreted clearly in simple and descriptive statements. 2. Results Results show the findings or outcomes of your investigation. The result must be based according to the interpreted data. Chapter V Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 1. Summary The Summary briefly summarizes your research from Chapter I to Chapter IV which includes the research problems, methodology and findings. It consists of one or two paragraphs only. 2. Conclusion The Conclusion is the direct statement based on findings or results. It should answer your hypothesis and research problems. 3. Recommendation The Recommendation is given based on your conclusion. You may give few recommendations which you think can help the fellow Science students, researchers, consumers or the entire community where people live in.