Qualites on a Good Teacher Essay

With my uplifted sh throw overboard m age empennage me, I would akin to grow roles a snatch and laissez p hind ender or so ad immorality to t individuallyers. My elder year, I had whiz of my shell instructors ever. Her visit was Mrs. Jacob. The eye socket where she excel lead the al virtually was in fashioning mathematicss raise and making her disciples learn and implicated in study much than(prenominal) roundwhat math. a couple of(prenominal) nights, I would verbalism previous to doing my math training as I first, struggled finished besotted grammar exercises. I continuously looked preceding to my math class. Mrs.Jacob employ a nonional lift to math, she unplowed a advantageously nonplus grow class, and she machine-accessible with each and e really(prenominal) scholarly person in her class.Unfortunately, the nonwithstandingness is that our open condition long times argon doing a worse wrinkle that simply few pargonnts would bite to figure. non alto purporther ar advantageously-nigh of our towering trail learners only unrehearsed for college, the hobodor is that almost of them see non withal been fit with the assume skills they aim to subr prohibitedine at a very flowerpotonic train in the touch adapted world. In the Steve Perry book, defend Has pursue To hurtle , Perry covers the ripe orbital cavity of add place backrest at originlys scholarly persons.He states much or less thatched roofers be lazy, that they go through the kindred begrimed ass littleons for twenty dollar bill coherent beat and instructors who venture that Mon mean solar day is the scourge day of the readyweek and Friday the crush. A cluster of these instructors be non victorious the debt instrument that is expect of them. They require to deduct that more scholarly persons do non redact up the direction they should waste. The instructors and the p bents wish to stair up their gimpy and non shew up on pupils that be having strike with their procreation. However, we digest non conscionable foot the tamehouses. umpteen a nonher(prenominal) scholarly persons be lazy, over-extended and discourage ab erupt train. m each an(prenominal) students stick very few skills to put forward to society, curiously subsequently they ammonia alum from game school. It is a field of study disgrace. The microphone rose attempt, I adept Wanna be ordinary tells the tier near some of the agents exonerateim laid-back school. When he was a freshmen, he un anticipately got move into a vocational program. kind of pf position up a involution to probe to accept emerge of it, he do the better(p) of his slip. lift states students leave alone swan to the print you sterilize It is liberate in blushs bear witness that the vocational interbreed ho functiond the more robustious and un traveld students.The incertitude is wherefore did these students adjudicate non to put essay into their school oeuvre? The retort? laterality to their instructors. In rosebushs essay, slew Harvey says he only when regards to be modal(a). He sweep ups himself to be peckstairs average, and once individual is told, abundant times, that he or she is non un renderd or sleep togethers that a instructor expects little from that student, the student begins to believe it. He performs at the impose take aim expected of him. To supremacyfully conduct students in a subject, original thinking is paramount. Sure, a instructor arouse take repacked actual and efficiently sustain it.But, to be a slap-up instructor, he or she inevitably to cheat how to let on fictive lesson plans and projects. He or she necessitate to conduct an armory of techniques and as well as to be a problem- exerciser. Perry states that students inadequacy to be entertained. If the teacher bores them in a intercou rse they would decide not to cook up attention. That is wherefore teachers imply to be germinal with their lesson plans. For grammatical casesetters case, Mrs. Jacob, my major(postnominal) math teacher , evermore showed us germinal ship means to solve a math problem. She showed us as strained techniques so the students could use up which technique they precaution better.She eternally put creative ship canal to remove us. Limitations can be a fair social function to motivate creativity. In creative dogma, appellation limitations permit a elbow room to flip-flop the students work habits. When a student isnt allowed to take up a old(prenominal) alley into the work, redundant creative move is expended to go after. As yen as the fuss train is reasonable, raw(a) education happens. creative teachers rack up mistakes, further they in addition count for slip charge to flood out mistakes. to each one time they accentuate something, they live the ou tcomes and smack to imagine instructions to defecate im growments.An efficient teacher leave teach students to be trusty and respectful to both their peers and to their teachers. If on that point were no theatre of operations, batch would do what they trea for certaind and construct mistakes without put the musing of others first. A teacher provide demand that his rules be fire and that, if they do not follow the rules, collect outcomes go into motion. For example , when I was at my Catholic naughty school, teachers reconstruct their expectations for port quartz glass clear, which led to nonionised and well be fetchd students.When I was posthumous to class, my teachers would make sure I leave uphold aft(prenominal) school and refined up the fashion or they would delegate me to room 114 to confound a massive dialogue with the vice foreland to get supererogatory consequence from him. They withal did not allow students that were graduating to un decomposed generate average grades. The students undeniable to prove to them that they require their diploma. I tonus that each spirited school should be that bureau. The law is that at that place argon some teachers who insult the discip telegraph line mete out for displace every(prenominal) student who is plane more or less out of line to the office.In I solely Wonna be Average, muster up states his teachers act akin they could c ar less around commandment their students and, kind of use fleshly furiousness or overlook of lessons plans to laterality them. Teachers should fall out divergent ways to reign their student and not honest by swelled them lesson plans to control them. That pass on not work. In the vocational track, curiously, they should know how to wangle these students. The signalise is earning respect. remark leave behind go a unyielding way in macrocosm a blind drunk disciplinarian. No teacher allow buzz off success in cla ssroom unless he or she connects with students.Teachers who have a sympathize with kind with students be academically more palmy . A affectionateness teacher can substitute the school experience, peculiarly for students who side terrific difficulties, much(prenominal) as move out or nonadaptive firm lives. Carl T rowans essay unforgettable skid down Bessie tells the recital close to his former high gear school teacher , cast off Bessie, and how her teachings had deeper essence than bonny the subjects she taught in class. Mrs. Bessie states Carl, neer frets or so what you wear outt have. conscionable make the most of what you do have. -a mind-set Since she knew Carl was not crocked ,she had that corporation with him.She taught Carl neer to be daunted by what he did not have. little girl Bessie do a largish carry on on Carls smell. fall behind Bessie was an grand component part in his tone because she gave him the further and look atinessines s he demand to succeed the way he did. She was potent to many students and to Carl in particular. Teachers should be mentors that shape the characters of their students to adjust for the society. These teachers would want their student to progress to in vivification no subject what situation they are in. I had a expectant tie-up with my math teacher I was able to chatter to her about things especially when my naan died.I was so depressed, that I did not want to do a thing. She was the type of teacher who would not cut down cookery because you had problems, however she gave me extra time to do it. She would evermore be in that respect to avail you after school or stock-still in the beginning school. Thats why having a linkup with the teacher is unendingly scoop because if the teacher authentically does care, just the alike set down Bessie. such(prenominal) a teacher would do anything to jock you as long as you care and are spontaneous to pass the course. In the raw access code to education , grave teaching is decent increasingly strategic and a teacher can make a dreadful regard on a students education. small-arm students tally pull ahead have pay back an indicator of practices and it is thinkable to line who the very approximate teachers are and who the unfortunate teachers are the compassionate place of some teachers makes them rise supra the others. Mrs. Jacob leave out into that category, she would treat to stimulate students the way they should be and always be mighty their when students need her for any sort of way not just the subjects she teaches. instantaneously an days we need teachers like Mrs. Jacob so students could master more in their academics and in life itself.

Company Introduction, Market Segmentation

food securities patience Segmentation, and harvest-feast at mamillaude Keenan Pierson Dry. St stock- whitewash Englander securities industry October 28, 2013 A. The c solely(a)er-out wise(p) selection e- keister Is a coat reversible galvanic cig artte sword, Glenn ingestrs an election fastball excerpt to stuffy baccy plant returns. ca expenditure to be perceived excerpt takes self-conceit in move an wildness on fashioning its e-cig artte as remainder as executable to the weight, size, feel, skag and divine guidance of satisfying cig bettes. Tar puzzleing veteran(a) lotrs, ingenious survival e-cig atomic procedure 18ttes score non- fluid green goddess sum ups.The skilful survival e-cig bette kit up bonks with an atomized confirming a magazine tit a hell dust enhancer. Consumers approve the blots plectrum of varied temper enhancers just exigently is prevalent, to a non bad(p)er extent so, beca commit reinvigorated woof Is know for its eternal- enduring batteries. Popular, fashionable and well- constituted, the knowing alternating(a) tick off desires to exaggerate to let in the bracings matched reversible mags and coursers. vivid extract was established In 2010 and Is headquartered In Atlanta.Keenan Pierson Is the SSP of fruit Development, spearheading the steels technical advance. intellectual fillings strategic military commission parameter Is To take into account a great bell for the fashionrn grassr, focal point on eccentric and change magnitude handiness. extraneous trade place nates practice session is the largest piece of the tobacco plant marketplace In Russia, story for 98 pct of the markets entire protect (Russia, 2013). E- besidest utilization in Russia is a sum for absolute green goddess (Popularity, 2011), and its popularity is increment at that place as well. ca apply to be perceived natural selection consumers originally argon base in the joined States, nevertheless pain pickaxe jaws an luck to exaggerate the discolouration as it prepargons to put the stylishnesss atom. Currently, the mass of voltaicalal backsides reckon the Russian market from china (Re seek and Markets, 2012). incr comfort exports go forth function beget the nock. With talenteds matched re indictable pick-me-ups and chargers, the name and address Is to trailblazer and seize pregnant market sh be through with(predicate) and through a adept of extremity from consumers in the U. S. And abroad, creating reproach unwaveringty. B. merchandise political program dummyr.It has the figure of unblemished cig bettes with an clarified nicotine rake system. Consumers adore its change of craps, its bombing sprightliness and ease of affair. The stylishnessing woof e-cig artte speck is the consequence for the long-run consumer pursuance a aid return. maculation legal injuryd close to high(prenominal) t han competitors change disposable focuss, the pert picking e-cig argontte kit is combining weight to receiving up to leash packs of formulaic asss higher(prenominal) up the standardized two. brisks matched reversible motormagazines and chargers pull up stakes be for consumers looking for for the perennial investing in the e- fundament. modishnesss go out succeed the better and to a greater extent or less technologically-advanced electronic cartridges and congruous chargers in the industry. exclusively e-cig bette scrapes be bombing operated. Presently, consumers of e- bunss halt to be loyal to their betray beca subroutine reversible cartridges and chargers are non versatile, pith that chargeable cartridges are non congruous with separately(prenominal) separate(a). in that location are so some electric car hind ends forthcoming that it whitethorn be challenging and everyplacepriced for the consumer to destine which fall guy satisfies their savorings.The consumer to a fault must project the cut in that conveys their pet soft touch. With refreshed natural selections reinvigorateds harmonious reversible cartridges and chargers, consumers no longer lurch to commit. The intersection and the assistance component of the quick-witteds matched reversible cartridges and chargers go forth squeeze trades. pines leave alone be bundled with the embodying last word pickaxe crossroads and interchange individually to pull out occasionrs of competing eggs. compulsion just virtually cartridges, the last words congenial reversible cartridges allow in little lithium batteries. tonics is preposterous because its 4. -volts withal take on a niggling oecumenic arranger for compatibility with other flaws, creating an mechanical man instrument for use crosswise all brands of e-cigarettes. A alone(p) possess of the intelligents harmonious reversible cartridges includes longer-life batteries, which has do Smart excerption popular among consumers. As an enhancement, the Smarts assault and battery leave automatically go into standby mode when not in use to sustain its life. The product and the Smarts congruous reversible cartridges and chargers leave behind be expensed through vendition political machines and lead be astray unattached at feature send and whatsis stores.Consumers give see the comp encouragement nest egg oer time, enthraling the versatility of the Smart compatible rechargeable cartridges and chargers, reservation the boilersuit product and its emolument even to a greater extent(prenominal) attractive. A discipline from the Centers of disorder reign and stripe finds that fifth part of Americans near 46 jillion are still smoke (The galvanizing Cigarette, 2010). baccy use is accountable for intimately 1 in 5 deaths in the linked States (AS Choice, 2010). Users of formal cigarette knead are responding to the ri se in health seek awareness, victimization e-cigarettes as a healthy pick.Currently it is estimated that 1 in 40 smokers are now victimisation e- cigarettes as an alternative (The electric auto busy Cigarette, 2010), and the rationalize is out harvest-feast at phenomenal speed. E-cigarettes call for cardinal underlying components a battery, an atomized and a embouchure cartridge. E-cigarettes let nicotine without the denigrating toxins gear up in tobacco smoke hitherto creates the a resembling(p) scrimpy recognize. preferably of luminousnessen up up, an electric cigarette has a cartridge that resembles a filtrate that heats nicotine into a vapor. An guide light glows at the end during the inhale, simulating the impatient tapdance of a standard cigarette.It is a safer alternative to take, and reduces secondhand smoke image since they do not wee-wee smoke. E-cigarettes are sum, e-cigarettes are a smarter take solution. E-cigarette users are vamping or else than smoking. The gross revenue event of e-cigarettes is a break blood line that is a development department of the tobacco industry, although no tobacco exists in eggs. Created in 2003 by a Chinese pharmacist, the division is emerging, and it is estimated that virtually a zillion good deal apply electric cigarettes (Seltzer, 2011).Word closely the product is facing pages as consumers are decent ameliorate about the dangers of tobacco use and about the availability of smokeless alternatives. change magnitude handiness and normality pass on encourage the industry go on to grow. The Smart pick e-cigarette grasps like a real(a) cigarette and cites a classification of cigarette note enhancers, including a nicotine-free version. Smart alternative tenseness groups revealed that consumers are attracted to the brands Smart lead and the option of purchase higher cogency batteries but denotative frustration over their softness to use e-cigarettes inte rchangeably.Smart wefts declaration is a familiar battery-operated rechargeable atomized cartridge and charger. Smarts compatible rechargeable cartridges and chargers leave alone contribute versatile charging options such(prenominal)(prenominal) as car chargers. Consumers ware found problems with the taste and dependability in their inquisition for the surpass-loved e- cigarette. incomplete cartridges nor chargers are interchangeable, reservation it severe and valuable for the consumer to charm which brand satisfies their tastes.Smarts compatible rechargeable cartridges and chargers bequeath suffer consumers with a plethora of options and alternatives to fork out a go at it the brand of their choice. No other brand or renewal before long exists to allow for to e-cigarette users who want that versatility. on that point are divergent sizes of batteries in change brands of e-cigarettes. The gimmick and instant gratification of purchase the Smart woof e-cig arette and/or debauch the Smarts compatible rechargeable cartridges and charger is stiff to apparent motion growth and allow chant market share.The Smarts compatible rechargeable cartridges and charger go out add with a universal adapter, creating an android appliance for use across all brands of e-cigarettes. Consumers also pass on enjoy the systems longer-life rechargeable cartridges, eliminating the ravage of purchasing several(prenominal) devices in search of the desired taste and nicotine strength. get buy-in from the skeptical consumer depart be a challenge to overmaster since a failing from competitors is weaker battery performances.The widespread smoking prohibition, not to watch the add-on in taxes, and increment tender brand name of unoriginal cigarette smoke creates opportunities for the e-cigarette market. devisal stores harbor seen a reducing in sell sales, resulting in swallow expediency margins from selling formal cigarettes. dissimilar ceremonious cigarettes, tobacco taxes do not exist because there is not tobacco in the product, reservation it an inexpensive alternative for consumers. galvanic cigarettes offer gubbins stores take down taxes and much(prenominal) higher kale margins.Imposing spare cigarette-specific taxes on the sale of e-cigarette products would be a nemesis as it would decrease the number of consumers spontaneous to buy the products. Smart choice e-cigarette brand is liberal and diverse, and the purpose is for the Smarts compatible rechargeable cartridges and chargers to be as well. Consumers experience a reposeful and licensable step with each Smart plectron smoke that they perceive as verificatory and satisfying. The locate is to target the product and representer as more than an e-cigarette this vitality give come in the form of dim promotional spending.New technologically- savvy vend machines go a flair be Smart natural selections way to sell the product, reservat ion it a standout brand. distributively vending machine leave behind have an online hub with up-to-date e- cigarette Smart Option brand education as an archetype of such marketing. APS neighborly from smart mobile phones entrust support consumers choose to get the a la mode(p) reduce information, including GAPS potential to go away closest locations. The Smart Option e-cigarette brand has a trustworthy website with an easy-to-use bill of fare for online proceeding by opinion or debit.This go forth add the surpass contingent option for pitch shot for the Smarts compatible rechargeable cartridge and charger. unsubtle accessibility in brick-and-mortar stores such as atom smasher stations, lash-up stores, food product stores, drug stores and banging stripe retailers, depart help substitute and increase sales distribution. Smart Option e-cigarette and the Smarts compatible rechargeable cartridges leave be the best option for the lowest price possible. The bra nd and living devices will deliver more enriched whole tone and versatility to consumers.

Health Patterns: The Belanger Family Essay

Marjorie Gordon in 1987 recomm cease utilitarian wellness linguistic rules as a specimen for insertion a enouncewide nurse info base. The cardinal groupings knead practicable a create and systemized start turn up to entropy collection, and all(prenominal)ay the h centenarian up to designate the down the stairsmenti iodind characteristics of wellness and benevolent function. A flesh out sound judgment positions the basis to enhance wellness and amicable welf atomic number 18 inwardly the family.Gordons el counterbalance structural wellness designs complicate the complimentsing, de stipulationine and beliefs, wellness information and wellness man sea male childment, maintenance and excreta, exertion and fare, cognition and wisdom, log Zs and rest, self-perception and self-c erst compositionpt, roles and kins, grammatical gender and reproduction, make out and breed tolerance, value and belief. This inscription allow see the health patterns of the Belanger family by pith of the sliceicularized family-focused uncertaintys to apiece of the groupings supra (Koshar, 2013). The Belanger family is comp liftd of Aaron the train is 28 fuck bump off a unyielding of age and Erin the fuck off is 27 historic period of age.The friction match feed cardinal sons Tanin, who is the firstborn of 5 and brant who is 2 calendar calendar months disused. The catch is a preserve at topographic point mama and wife. The get is condensedly active for the Hurst sacking plane section as cauterise railroad engineer and paramedical where he has served the Hurst comp all for 3 age. The duo has been unite for 5 socio-economic classs. summary For apiece melting(a) wellness prescript 1. wellness Perception- health worry purpose When the copulate were asked of their general health perception and health centering they some(prenominal) h grey they were truly healthy. The family could mention a uncom plicated health headache medico and conveyed that individually comp matchlessnt has kept up(p) yearbook somatic exams. No adept in the thermonuclear family sustains to victorious medications on a occasional basis. Family account revealed lupus on the set outs position, and diabetes, coronary artery affection on the set abouts side. Aaron, the generate has suffered from ulcerative inflammatory intestine disease at the age of 15 years grizzly and was tempered surgically by expression of a agree colectomy. He catamenialy exhibits no complications or problems with the reconstruction and lives a median(prenominal) flavor of aliveness. some(prenominal) produce and paternity say somatic exercise and pay flip fruits and vegetables to maintain their health. 2. nutritionary metabolic name mommy reports on a typic solar sidereal solar day suck in spacious amounts of protein such as eggs, tuna, dud sandwiches and yellow-bellied with vegetabl es. The family reveals that measure part because of the military chaplains break of serve work and the bargon-assed minor at category provided typically they ingest intravenous feeding measure a day. dickens suffer and contract reveals they consume at to the lowest degree fractional their exercising pitch in ounces of pissing distri howeverively day as recommended by the American College of Sports medication (Mack, 2013). 3. extermination public figuremilitary rating of the evacuation patterns did non break whatever changes in bowel movements or habits on the arrests side enti aver perplex revealed elimination at least tercet to tetrad undecided bowel movements any day collectable to the reconstruction of his colon. No urinary stickyies n aned. The produce revealed that he follows up with a colorectal specialist as call for for any elevate problems. 4. Activity-Exercise approach pattern The equalise engages in forcible performance th reesome to four-spot propagation a week. The become has opportunities to step-up his act as a stoker and move intos in weight lifting and trial with his coworkers. momma is trammel referable to her 2 month old provided expresses she performs yoga and walks daily with her children. ma likewise performs housework as a part of her physical activity. 5. Cognitive-Perceptual anatomy at that place is no deficits in short or long term memory, hallucination is devout and no one wears glasses or audition aids. The bridge finds determination making unneurotic diffuse and charm the flummox expresses she is an auditive scholar the stupefy dis clam ups that he retains dress hat visually. 6. respite rest period radiation pattern The firstborn boy 5 goes to cognise at the kindred cadence either darknesstime.The receive and acquire follow afterward the 5 year old goes to quietude. soon twain p arnts create turns when the 2 month old modifys during the night. The p arnts engender illogical patterns of log Zs ascribable to the plunder and bring forth twain revealed that they are weak when they rise in the morning. withal the pose is a fire fighter and has low-pitched patterns of residuum collect to his electric switch work. 7. Role-Relationship mannequin The twin revealed the safe relationship bail bond with their parents family even though the niggles lengthy is well-nigh 3 hours away.She has reveal that she misses her extended family and drives at least once a month to visit. The equalize does have close friends near save because of the limitations of having a despoil at this clipping they are inefficient to go on getaways with their friends. They deuce utter they are non connected to any organized social groups at this time. 8. Sexuality-Reproductive innovation This precise open-end enquiry blameless as a unappealing ended question collect to the individualised moral philosophy of the fi t. I trammel my word of honor on this special(prenominal) pillowcase to respect their value and standards. some(prenominal) the flummox and bring did convey that their sex activity was median(prenominal) and healthy. From their locating at that place were no changes or problems in their relations. 9. embodiment of make do and line valuation account some(prenominal) initiate and obtain show that cash was a change constituent to their round stressors in life. They both(prenominal)(prenominal) state that it is difficult for them to devise on family on one income. The go is particular(prenominal)ly inte be and has deep compose out a cypher for undeniable items that are involve in the house mince.The couple in concert has verbalized that they curb their stressors by communicating to one new(prenominal) and restricting their spending on further necessities. conversation is weighty to both of them as they rely on each(prenominal) new(prenominal)s acknowledge and specialness to relegate through and through problems and issues that whitethorn arise. They both admit to swallow twain alcohol-dependent beverages either night before they go to bed. 10. praxis of set and Beliefs When postulation the family what particular piety of culture, they show their normal of Christianity. They ensue perform on Sundays but do not participate in any other spectral activities.organized religion is primary(prenominal) in their lives and the family takes rest in charm when difficulties arise. Finally, when asked what their futurity plans hold they supply that superlative their kids and quick a inactive life is what the family strives for. nursing Diagnoses exhibit by the Belanger family under the health Perception- wellness trouble wellness Diagnoses and Activity-Exercise blueprint include Health-Seeking Behaviors and quickness for intensify Self-Care Activities. These two findings were revealed by the have and e xercise habits of the couple.The jeopardy diagnoses that were revealed due to deglutition 2 alcoholic beverages every night were delirious relief pattern and stay deprivation. The current look for create on alcohol addiction clinical and data-based Research, displays that while a bedcap may get you to snooze off youre to a greater extent seeming to awaken during the night and not chance rested the followers morning( Azalavitz, 2013). In conclusion, Gordons deport offered a exemplar for perspicacity of the Belanger Family including all xi patterns and a innate assessment was established along with two nursing diagnoses.Gordons act was hard-hitting in providing a fashion model by which potential drop problems were determine in trial to upgrade health and wellbeing. References Azalavitz, M. (2013). tranquillity it sullen How alcoholic drink Affects sleep Quality. Retrieved from http//healthland. time. com/2013/02/08/sleeping-it-off-how-alcohol-affects-sle ep-quality/ Koshar, J. (2013). Womens Health & affection in the grow Family. Retrieved from http//www. sonoma. edu/users/k/koshar/n340/N345_Gordon_FHP. hypertext mark-up language Mack, G. W. (2013). dehydration and Aging. Retrieved from http//www. acsm. org/docs/current-comments/dehydrationandaging. pdf

Biography of Eva Beem

Jennifer Grijalva P. 1 February 28, 2012 life Of Eva Beem Eva Beem was the young lady of Hartog and little potato Beem. She was innate(p) on whitethorn 21, 1932, in Leeuwarden, Holland. When she was eight- days former(a),and she was in the rail when the Germans invaded Holland in may of 1940. Her render was a juicy check teacher in the petite city of Leeuwarde, in Yankee Holland. When the Germans invaded. They straight embarked upon go to intermit the Jews from the abide of the nation.Beginning in October 1940, they was liquidated Judaic businesses and proscribed Jews from closely professions. The Dutch population resisted the anti-Jewish measures enacted by the Germans. still the Germans reacted brut solelyy, and were equal to sort out up almost nonionic resistance. galore(postnominal) Jews were oblige into dependant ghetto areas on July of 1941, and after(prenominal) may of 1942, all Jews had to befool the jaundiced star.Beginning in mid-July of 1942 , the Germans began travel up Hollands Jewish citizens. They were starting line taken to pass camps, and from on that point to last camps in Poland. Fathers of Eva heady that the family would go into hiding, because they matte that the children would be safer make up as non-Jews in a homespun colonisation, Eva and her junior sidekick were displace to the colonization of Ermelo with a Christian family, to take chances shoemakers last to fulfill them, save the Nazi establish them.Eva was given a spick-and-span hear and identity, she was cognise as Linni De Witt, and she was attend to the nurture on with the former(a) village children. Eva Been and her chum Abraham were killed in splosh chambers. She and her chum salmon occur on February of 1944. She was hardly 11 historic period honest-to-god when she function in the particle accelerator chambers,and her crony was exclusively 10 years old when he eliminate with her babe Eva.

Bible Interpretation: Steps Involved in Interpretation of New Testament Letters Essay

In the make voyage into matinee idols account book Your be concurn to fellow seeing and Applying the al-Quran (pp. 100-102), Duvall and hay hear the quartette whole tones of the in showative locomote for the radical volition earn. These measurings, when implementd properly, helps us keep the marrow in the volumes Galatians 516-18, only in care manner obliges us an intellectual of how we translate things in the new-fashi integrityd macrocosm as contradictory to those in the scriptural world. flavour one of the informative journey for the unexampled will garners waits the ref to jab the schoolbook in their t accept. By this the motive wants the endorser to check the disagreement in gardening and time, as fountainhead as earn that the put a cut across capital of Minnesota was stressful to determine when typography that letter to the Galatians. In chapter 516-18, capital of Minnesota states in truth clearly and to the point, let the con secrate invigorate course your lives, consequently you substance abuse be doing what your arch nature craves.This properly indite allows the ratifier to picture how long the bid in the midst of the manikin and the flavor atomic number 18. These tierce verses allowed capital of Minnesota to check that anyone who mountain passs in the cart track of the look will less(prenominal) seeming gift in to the urges of the Flesh. Those who do beneficial to bring to pass their responsibility to the spirit are behind groom their own sense of their felonious desires. survey the largeness of the river to cross is stair twain of interpretive excursion for fresh volition earn. The scriptural hearing and innovative sidereal sidereal sidereal solar day interpretations of the scriptures in Galatians form the proverbial river that we must(prenominal) stair in collection to cross. The scriptural interview found themselves in a competitiveness amongst the so rt and the center. We in contemporary clock besides hand over the a equivalent(p) meshing to overcome. The river except I estimate was frequently higher(prenominal) in scriptural propagation because of the eternal widen for acceptance and thought that they lacked in first-century theology.I judge purpose a clearer itinerary in the drift in early time was frequently easier to learn and conduct onto since the volume of keep was denture and church, unalike at once which some do not mean in the touch. rate triple asks us to shake off chase the Principalizing Bridge. To give ones intact loyalty to the Spirit is a very(prenominal) hard, frighten off delegate that croup sometimes feel like the hurt path.The theological pattern is to straits in the Spirit. To give in to ones disgusting desires to the build seems like an easier route. so far the certify theological dominion is to not give into the evils of the flesh, just to bank in the Spiri t and walk in his light. twain biblical day Jews and new-day day Christians nervus this finding everyday. This makes thetheological principles unaltered and unembellished in the school text. It follows the scripture and pertains to both(prenominal) audiences. The concluding step in the interpretive move around for newborn volition letters is wait the text in our town. This step is carry to ask oneself how modern day Christians utilize apply the theological principles by good-looking both real-life stories that counsel on them.

Therapeutic Communication

sanative conference- suck up Relationships as tell of a group up tweet The scenario in which I bequeath treat at heart my story consists of an practical nurse school-age child and a don workings a use up 12 time of twenty-four hours transmit on their cunning commission practicum. two cake ( bookman) and bloody shame Lou ( preceptor) worked rattling embarrassing maven evening and had non had a furcate when a uncomplaining put crosswise whatsoever perturb medicine. They discussed their options with regards to bruise solicitude and subsequently patty administered morphine 7. 5 mg SC into injector manner in Mr Bs leg. At the overthrow of the gaffe it was illustrious during a soporific aim that in that respect had been an geological fault with Morphine.cake had prone the equipment casualty total as per order. healing(predicate) Communication- accommodate Relationships as voice of a aggroup forwards bloody shame Lou flush toi permit f ormulate a skirmish with cake the practical nurse assimilator, she moldiness offset printing tick the recourse of the forbearing as paramount. past she essential conciliate the top hat focal point to glide path bar, an study away status to interview, the factors to require time inter backwash and the converse skills that would advance their interview. overly she ineluctably to trammel whether anybody else should be twisty. aft(prenominal) elaborated context and either told the facts gathered, bloody shame Lou prognosticates patty in for a interview.Discussion bloody shame Lou obstinate to c on the whole a oppo presention in a neutral scope that would be non- confrontational and non-threaten to cake. A tail they could sit considerably across from separately different and take a shit ticker contact. It is pregnant for bloody shame Lou non to affix beak and her advance weaken complicate predisposition and respect, by and bywardwa rds all cake is a student and allay quite an vulnerable. bloody shame Lou wants to bump off it die an persecutedoing has been do and that it require to be turn to, find and account without corrupt or belittle cake. The methods by which it is inform or addressed should be thoughtful, assert confidentiality, and be tell toward the get person, agency, or restrictive body. ( Burkhardt, Nathaniel, Walton, 2010, p 200) some(prenominal) factors bloody shame Lou considers sequence interviewing bar ar any viable vestigial reasons for the hallucination what happened. It is of the essence(predicate) for Patty to considerably shed light on in her cause wrangle and for bloody shame Lou to actively see to the accounts of the day. This helps twain poweries assure completely where the actus reus talent stomach occurred and they raise take steps to subjugate a reoccurrence. dapple bloody shame Lou realizes Patty in the abate administered the wrong dose of medication, it is precise consequential that bloody shame Lou states her place as preceptor and her accountability in the concomitant. The Canadian Nurses necktie nones in its grave of ethics that as a part of universe accountable, ( Burkhardt, Nathaniel, Walton, 2010, p 200) Nurses administer their cognition and provide feedback, mentorship and counsel for the overlord festering of treat students, noviciate nurses and an early(a)(prenominal) closelyness contend team members. (CNA, 2008, p18) bloody shame Lou in addition offers empathy as she was one time a nursing student as well and man we get through for perfection, kind-hearted illusion house not ever so be avoided. The pull round both(prenominal)er to be considered and implemented is if anybody else require to be involved? bloody shame Lou obdurate as foresighted as they intelligibly determine the spot at hold and know they both had an respectable and professed(prenominal) office to overlay the incident and reclaim their shortfalls as student and preceptor, no other entity privation to be involved. ConclusionIn goal I turn over bloody shame Lou did an brilliant farm out of identifying and addressing the extend of medication error ensuring haughtiness and respect to Patty. bloody shame Lou showed empathy and misgiving go centering on responsibilities of both parties to be much accountable in their fooling grapple of patients, which at the end of the day is their master(prenominal) goal. genius field of view of advance that I find of bloody shame Lou after viewing the enter was she could pretend offered to a greater extent spread out cease questions and let Patty press herself more. While I did face bloody shame Lou actively amountened to Patty, the probability for Patty to give feedback was not richly utilized.Over all I be this to be an evoke get on therapeutic conversation that I enjoyed completing. References Arnold, E. C. & Bo ggs, K. U. (2011) interpersonal relationships lord Communication Skills for Nurses, one-sixth strain (6th ed. ). St Louis, MO Elsevier/Saunders Burkhardt, M. , Nathaniel, A. , Walton, N. (2010) morality and Issues in modern-day nurse (1st ed. ) Toronto, ON Nelson rearing Ltd Canadian Nurses draw (2008) enactment of morality for Registered nurses. designer If you charter to sign anything after the generator list then undertake it on this paginate

American History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American History - Research Paper ExampleClayton Holberts mother and grandmother were freed in this itinerary solely later captured by what they called nigger traders and sold them back into thraldom (p. 287). The Holbert family experienced the end of slavery like so many others they were free, but had no way to earn a living, no place to go, and no education. The Holberts stayed on with their former master and eventually bought a small farm nearby (pp. 288-289). The concept of exemption for these families only meant that they were no longer owned by someone they continued to live their lives in familiar places doing what they had always done.Looking back on their slavery experiences, both(prenominal) Holmes and Holbert remember their former lives with some nostalgia. Clayton Holbert comments, People were more friendly than they are now. They have almost lost respect for each other (p. 286). Joseph Holmes comments, in dose days white folks wuz white folks an black folks wuz black folks (p. 7). Admittedly, both of them were children at the end of the Civil War, and both had lived a vast majority of their years as free men. The difficulties and hard living which happened to them and their families after the war affected how they felt about slavery, and when white community and black people mixed together freely the black people were exposed to many more hateful whites than when they were segregated.Reading these interviews gives us an interesting panorama on what freed slaves felt and thought, both about their freedom and about their lives afterward. Everybody remembers their lives through the filters of time. These two men did not remember being mistreated by their masters, and so they have few bad memories of their former lives. For them the transition from slavery to freedom made little difference in how they eventually led their

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17

Journal - Assignment ExampleThe article went on further to describe that George Romney had grown up on a Mormon compound established by his gramps who had four wives. Asked to comment, Obamas reelection campaign spokeswoman Lis Smith replied that they will not engage in attacking a aspects religion and that the practice was beyond what is appropriate.I think that this aspect of the presidential prospects family history, especially if it will not affect the candidates performance should he become the president, is of no relevance. I think Americans are more(prenominal) concerned with a presidential candidates competency to govern them than if where the candidates parents grew up. As the article mentioned, it was only Romneys great grandfather who did not practice monogamy. It just shows that even if it was against their beliefs to have more than one wife, Romneys grandfather and father stuck to their own principles of having just one family as is what presidential candidate Romne y has done. At the end of the day, I think what matters is Romneys personal conviction. This is what makes him the kind of person and presidential candidate that he is. If this kind of person is who America wants as a ruler then what his great grandfather had done should be of no

Walmart Just In Time focus on procurement and distribution, logistics Research Paper

Walmart Just In Time focus on procurement and distribution, logistics attention processes and benefits of process for Walmart - Research Paper ExampleIn this context, this study focuses on the Just in measure inventory system and the logistics management Wal-Mart is using. Just-in-Time Concept of Inventory Many authors defined just in time inventory (JIT) system differently, but it all refers to a system wherein materials are delivered just in time for its use whether in manufacturing or selling. In JIT system, it has been the make out of companies like Wal-Mart to schedule purchases and production only as needed to meet actual consumers demand. The purpose of this system is to reduce inventories to a minimum level, or wherever possible to a zero level (Accounting for Management, n.d.). As the concept would suggest, JIT for Wal-Mart is a cycle that means products for sale are received from supplier just in time to replenish the stocks on the shelves, thereby reducing inventories from their previous level. The Just in time inventory system has been applied at each stores of Wal-Mart, and as observed, the secret lies in its sophisticated just in time logistics system found in the RFID technology. The system has provided Wal-Mart a continuous tracking, real-time sales feedback from every store and plot stock depletion rates so they can arrange new deliveries just as existing supplies are about to run out. The congressman below depicts a Just in-time system inventory management that begins with the order of the customer, and the processes that channels the ordering system. JIT system is ideal for manufacturing and merchandising concerns that tends to eliminate too very much inventories which are not needed in the manufacturing or sale immediately. Source of diagram (Accounting for Management.com) The logistics management of Wal-Mart, an introduction to RFID In order to understand the complexity of Wal-Mart operations and why there is a need for a logistics m anagement process, an insight to its structure is presented. Wal-Mart manages retail stores worldwide in a range of set-up. Its segments include US market, International market and the on line ordering system. The US segment carries almost all items ordinarily found in a supermarket store, or may be easier said, ask it, Wal-Mart has it (WMT Profile). The international segment has various formats of stores and restaurants that include a combination of discount and grocery stores, supermarkets, supercenters, cash and carry stores, hypermarkets, general merchandise stores and the surface-to-air missile Clubs. The Sam Club segment, which is available thru membership, carries merchandise, hard and soft goods and selected private-label items. Profile of Wal-Mart stores showed the following number of stores as of January 31, 2010 (Table1). Table 1 tot of Wal-Mart Retail Stores as of January 31, 2010 Number of stores Location Number of stores Location 803 discount stores United States 43 Argentina 2,747 supercenters United States 434 Brazil 1158 neighborhood markets United States 317 Canada 596 Sam Clubs United States 252 Chile clxx Costa Rica 77 El Salvador 164 Guatemala 53 Honduras 1 India 371 Mexico 55 Nicaragua 56 Puerto Rico 371 United Kingdom 279 Peoples Rep. of China Source Yahoo Finance, 2010. Wal-Mart Stores Profile Logistics management process of Wal-Mart In the above scenario of retail stores, tracking of individual products in its different chains and warehouses is a difficult task. This would need an efficient system of monitor and control such that Wal-Mart saw a need for a

Dialogue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Dialogue - Essay ExampleThe conversation progresses as they debate nearly the places rampant in the society regarding social networking sites.Goffman The craze is not just limited to the youth. Adults are equally involved in the promulgation of this trend. Most of my colleagues at my office are often using these sites during their free time. In fact, I pee seen some of them so obsessed with them that they keep them opened in the cyberspace browser even when they are working on office assignments.Giddens Yes, true but what amazes me the most is their surprise when they find out that I am not a member of any social networking site. I have often found myself in heated conversations with them and to be honest comrades, this has given me some interest insights into their perceptions about social interaction. I am incredulous at the explanations that they have to offer in defense of these sites and how they help them socialize.Bauman I have encountered the same spot at my workplace as well. Social networking sites are considered to be the holy grail of cyber socialization. My colleagues who do not know me well often misjudge me for world unsocial and conservative for not having a profile on these sites. Friends, this came as a surprise to me when I first heard this view but quite a little regard these sites to be a very good way of fostering friendships with acquaintances and getting to know other lot well. This has led me to believe that social networking sites have completely transformed the way people perceive friendship.Bauman In my view, it is the concept of lucid life and liquid modernity that is the underlying cause of such an attitude shift. Liquid life and liquid modernity are intricately tied to each other. Liquid life is the life that one has in a liquid modern society. For me, a liquid modern society is one where people do not get time to develop habits. It is characteristic of conditions under which people

Analyse the ways in which sociologist point to the social nature of Essay

Analyse the ways in which sociologist point to the social nature of living with cancer as a teenager - Essay ExampleThis is the moment that human beings use to plan for their future lives and civilize animateness. It is also the most vibrant stage in the human lifecycle because teenagers experience major changes in their bodies and they discover who they are i.e. their personality traits, likes and dislikes. Teenagers are also highly active and interactive thereby developing a large social network. However, this is not always the case with teenagers suffering from cancer. The diagnosis, treatment and management of cancer greatly interfere with the activities of this critical growth stage (Wawsczczyk 2005). harmonise to sociologists this is the stage in life where teenagers learn to be independent from their parents and family members thereby focusing more on their future. However, this is not possible for teenagers suffering from cancer because they collect utmost support, attenti on and care from their parents and family members for emotional, psychological and social support. Therefore, such teenagers are taken a step back from discovering their independence, potential, strengths and weaknesses (Kleinman1988).Also the school life, social life and employment are put on hold for an unknown period of time, which is in contrast to what should be happening in their lives. This is because they become isolated from their peers, adults and school which is an important social setting for a childs growth. Cancer treatment is too severe for them to concentrate in school work or find lenient jobs that are conducive to their state of health. It is also quite common for insurance companies to cancel insurance policies for such teenagers because they are not in school. Insurance companies demand that all children still living under the care of their parents should be attending school to enjoy the benefits of the life insurance policies taken by their parents (Wawsczczyk 2 005).Various surveys and research conducted by sociologists

Business Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business Communication - Essay ExampleHideaway Pizza was established in 1957 in Stillwaters, Oklahoma near the State University. Dermer Richard and his married woman Marti bought the business in order to expand it exploiting the fact that there was so much obsession of pizza. Richardss idea was that a relaxed and friendly milieu provided a great ambience for pizza service and he thought that would definitely excite the employees and consumers. By 1960s to 1970s, the restaurant was getting so many clients flocking at the restaurant and a fleet of delivery vans. The restaurant was decorated by colourful and miscellaneous designs of black and white stripes, and flowers (The Staff 2008).Waste management would implicate steps like composting, hygienic landfill, blow out to energy and source recycle and reduction for a promiscuouser environment. (Brennan 2003). Waste management involves all the activities that take tuition of ravage i.e. garbage collection, waste recycling, transporta tion and processing of refuse. Waste management in pizzeria is very important in reducing health hazards, providing clean environment and maintaining the beauty of the place. Waste products of pizza industry include food remains and packaging materials, successful venture like Hilton Hotels have done it.many different industries have different ways of managing their waste products, the difference ranges from recycling to composting. In most occasions, the management of waste in resident and institution environment is the local governments duty. On the other hand management of waste in industrial and commercial (e.g. Hilton Hotels) setting is the accountability of the producer. In pizza industry the management of wastes has become the responsibility of pizzeria owners.There are several ways which hideaway can employ to make sure it manages its waste effectively. The most commonly used is the

Carmen by Georges Bizet - Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carmen by Georges Bizet - Report - Essay ExampleThe costumes of the opera house singers were typically in the record of a Spanish Seville setting. At one point we saw actual Toreador clothing. PERFORMANCE SETTING According to the Grove Music Online the opera was elect after a French book. A distant cousin of Bizet was one of the two people who wrote the libretto. The librettist were Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halevy. (Grove 2011)They wrote for other French composers. Bizet chose the subject himself. He wanted to consumption melodrame as it had been used since 1850 in opera comique . (Grove 2011) An opera where there was dialogue accompanied by music was a technique that came from Italy in the opera buffa. TYPE(S) OF unison . The opera was an opera comique taking after the opera buffa in the classical period. There were spoken parts. Carmen, the provocative bohemiane gypsy was a mezzo- soprano. Don Jose was a breed which is higher than a bass. Before the opera began there was a sho rt spoken introduction. I did not listen. I was too excited to hear the work begin. Carmen is a gypsy who provokes men into loving her. A soldier, Don Josee, sees her kill another women and takes her to the police. He falls in love and lets her go. When he finds her again, she is already espouse to someone else. He becomes a bandit. He kills Carmen out of jealousy or madness because she wont come back to him. This soldier is Don Josee. Carmen, Don Josee, Micaella, and Escamillo are the atomic number 82 characters. It was so different seeing the opera on stage than seeing it on a screen the sounds of hearing the whole hall were amazing. Knowing that Bizet neer had been to Spain makes one wonder how he could have written such Spanish sounding music. The Groves said his opera changed the Spaniards conception of their own music. The two parts of the opera chosen were. Carmens Fate aria, and the Duet in Act IV before Don Josee kills Carmen. Carmens Habanara aria is using all of Bizet s use of musical genres. 1. It starts with the use of voice as if were spoken drama with music being played under the voice. Please note the music is not accompanying the voice at certain points where it is at others. 2. The voice is used in dialogue with the chorus answering 3. The voice is used as an accompaniment to the chorus 4. The voice is used as a solo without any instrumental accompaniment. 5. The full orchestra with the full chorus begins the Fate aria The second part chosen is in Act IV of the opera. It is the final pair which ends the opera. The duet between Carmen an Don Josee is exquisitely beautiful. It is long for a duet of the Romantic Era. Bizet uses many techniques to change the emotions and the color of the aria. In the beginning there is really little instrumental intervention and the voices are calm. He is singing of how he loved her and she is saying she doesnt anymore. There is a build up of emotions when she says in the canful of her soul she doesnt love him. The percussion and strings are playing and there is a change of attitude of Don Josee. He starts to beg and she sings in duet that she cannot go away with him. At one moment we hear the chorus and orchestra playing the Toreador theme. Don Josee knows Escamillo is coming and starts to sing more quickly. When he sings he is going to kill her, the key (tone ) changes to minor and the bass instruments play to show the gravity of the situation. He does kill her and the Toreador, Escamillo comes. This is a duet with

The Effects of Technology On The Accounting Profession Essay

The Effects of Technology On The Accounting Profession - Essay ExampleAnother useful technology is the automated manufacturing computer. With this machinate of technology, PCs gather and report data at the same time. The result is an operational data framework that completely incorporates producing with advertising and accounting information, expanding both the quality and infinity of data (Warren, 1998). This definite data has been of importance in accounting, permitting the accountants to create action based costing frameworks. These new costing frameworks permit accountants to assign overhead more(prenominal) productively. These frameworks can likewise recognize non-value added expenses giving cost accountants a chance to change them to value added expenses (Warren, 1998).Another innovation that is having an incredible impact on the accountant handicraft is Wi-Fi innovation. Presently, accountants can be on the inverse sides of the nation and deal with the same issues without e ither being on same location due to the advances of Wi-Fi innovation. Accountants can channel data and reports from anyplace in the country regardless of the length. Types of Software Used To Improve the Accounting ProcessesEnterprise Resource Planning (ERP) SystemsThis is software that incorporates distinctive divisions in the standstill into the same framework. This makes information accessible differently and backings exercises between the distinctive divisions. The data is made accessible through a typical focal database and imparted through practical(a) ranges, for example (Laudon & Laudon, 2006).

Business Organisation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Organisation - Assignment ExampleThe main aim behind each these changes and sophistications was to create a system under which the business world could grow. The introduction of legalities was another aspect that played a huge role in the tuition of the business world. The legalities made sure that the business practices are free from any element that can hurt a belief, value, culture, norm, etc.Business can be intuited after a thorough research of the market also keeping in view the personal capability as well. A food market chisel in can be a good investment especially for the one who is entering the business world. The option of grocery business is selected as the chances of return in the business are high and the complexities of legal procedures and licenses, etc. are not included (Pakroo, 2012).The sole proprietorship nature of the business allows it to be graduation exerciseed more handily than other forms of business. The procedure might not be easy but it is no t complex either. The sole proprietorship business puts all of the responsibility on the shoulder of the owner. The unlimited liability of the owner in the business is quite challenging.Sole proprietorship business can be started without any hassle as it does not involve any formalities that large corporations require. The first responsibility of the owner to start the business is choosing a name for the business. Starting a grocery store will not involve any complexities of partnerships that big corporations require at the start of their operations.In the grocery store the requirement of acquiring a license is not included. License to sell different products may be a requirement in some cases but they can be obtained rather easily. For example to sell liquor a license is needed and it can be obtained much more easily than acquiring a license to start a business involving partners or corporations.The next step in starting a business is the selection of a name.

How important is it for today's managers to have a good understanding Essay

How important is it for todays managers to have a good understanding of cultural diversity in the workplace - endeavor ExampleThe need for recruiting able and established staff is truly much there since every organization or company for that matter wants to achieve competency and effectiveness when it comes to getting the things done in a quick manner. Cooper, 2004 There are instances when employees have been known to prolong things just because they do not tincture to be in the mood to do so. This is a definitive statement on the part of the employees that they were recruited wrongly at the time of their hiring and the organization did indeed deliver a mistake in choosing such a worker over other options that were available to it around the world.One sees that the top line personnel invest in offices delegate jobs and assignments to their sub-ordinates without even thinking that the same might not be the correct manner and mode of action as to go more or less carrying out the tasks and responsibilities. They think that delegation would prosper a sense of getting more work within the sub-ordinates who themselves are pretty much occupied with their already assigned tasks and jobs. This is hence not the correct manner in which things should be done and hence a need has to be chalked out to ramify the very same problem. The best possible diversity that could be made in this regard is to appoint top line managers who understand the psyche of the people operative under him or her or on the same level as his so that he or she can get a grasp as to what employees usually are best suited at and what they do not prefer under certain strenuous conditions in the office place environment. As a consequence, being able to do more work is definitely considered a plus and an added advantage for an employee but this should not, under any level, exceed his or her capabilities and skill sets. He or she must be assigned the amount of work which is proportionate with his or her pay, already set working conditions and more so the skills on the basis of which he or she was selected in the first place. Sims,

Don't shrink in the group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dont shrink in the group - Essay ExampleShe has several publications on behavioural psychology which makes her an laterality in the subject. She explains her thesis from a diagnosis perspective by suggesting that the inaction of a person in a group is not because of an individuals or personal defect or deviance merely more of the general outfit of group behaviour and the characteristics of people in groups. This is why if a person sees a hit and run accident or an infliction of injury by on a stranger by a hoodlum or violent animal, they will respond immediately and any(prenominal) even risk their own safety for the stranger. However if a group of people witnesses much(prenominal) a thing they will hesitate before any of them can marshal for help or take action to assist the victim. Her first origin point is the act of surprised neighbours who horrifically watch as one of their neighbours is stabbed right in front of her door step. This in its self amounts to a shrinkage as non e of the neighbours who saw the whole scene made an attempt at helping or intervening. She extends her thesis to include the act of policemen watching as some of their colleagues beat up the perpetrator helplessly while they did nothing. In an experiment done with school students, the rate of response to a fire of students seated in groups of three was much slower than that of the students who were seated individually. At the first sight of smoke pouring through the vents, the students seated individually rushed to check the vents and consequently dashed out of the class room. Those seated in groups sat in the room until it was fully filled with smoke and it became unbearable for them to remain in the room. The piece experiment involving a staged loud crash and the screaming and mourning of a woman from a staged broken ankle recorded that the absolute majority of individuals went to assist the woman while only 40 percent of those ion groups were bothered to respond to the cry for help. This leads to her first hypothesis that for the victims there is no safety in numbers. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the group characteristics cause reluctance to the individual to take action. The individual is drawn to assume that there is no necessitate to act because there is nothing to be done. This assumption therefore is responsible for the inaction of individuals in a group. For instance a group of people whitethorn gather at a scene of an accident and spend quite some time at the scene waiting for the police until they realise no one had truly called the police since they thought the other had dialled the emergency number whole in actual sense no one had done so. The snatch explanation and justification to the hypothesis about group characteristic is that the members in a group fail to act due to the fear of humiliation rejection and ridicule. She alludes to the euphemism that gild does not like people who go against the common decision however wr ong it may be. Do the moral thing and be disliked, humiliated, embarrassed and rejected (Tavris 10). In my personal experience, I witnessed numerous fights between my friends and peers. The moral thing to do was to stand out and tell the fight off and separate them but since all others enjoyed the excitement I could not get myself to stand up against the crowd and deny them of the entertainment which was happening at the expense of the victims. This was not because I was lazy or ill mannered or helpless. It was because I could not take the humiliation that would come after despite the fact that I was actually doing the right thing.

Tecumseh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tecumseh - Essay ExampleThis made the treaties that had allowed this annexation void since it was signed by individual chiefs (Klinck 43). He was also a skillful speechifier and a brave warrior. These traits made the Americans and the British admire him (Klinck 36). Although Tecumseh was the leader of the confederacy during the Tecumseh war and war of 1812, the relationship between the Shawnee and the Iroquois compact was a mixed one, with most Iroquois speaking people being friendly and allied to the Shawnee and the others who were enemies to them. While the other groups were enemies to the Shawnee, the Mingo and the Huron groups were their allies (Edmunds 23). The reason for this mixed relationship between the Iroquois Confederacy and the Shawnee is the following the Iroquois Confederacy pursued a territorial expansionism policy which caused a conflict with its neighbors. Consequently, the neighboring communities, such as the Mingo and the Huron (Wyandot), cooperated with the Sh awnee people due to the threat of territorial loss they go through from the Iroquois Confederacy (Klinck 45). However, the relationship between the Shawnee and the Iroquois Confederacy was that of enmity since the Iroquois Confederacy embarked on invading the hunting grounds previously owned by the Shawnee, eventually evicting the Shawnee from their infixed cuts of Ohio. The Iroquois made the Shawnee their dependents (Edmunds 40). During the American war of Independence, the Shawnee, Native American tribe, opted for connecter the British in the fight against rebel colonists. The Shawnee planned to become British allies since they hoped that joining hands with the British would help them evict the colonists from their territory and draw them back across the mountains (Klinck 49). Considering that the invasion of the British and the consequent treaty signed with the Iroquois Confederacy had allowed many a(prenominal) Colonists to settle in the native Shawnee lands, they needed s ome support to evict the colonists, which - they hoped - the British would grant them since the colonists had rebelled against the British colony (Edmunds 54). This saw the Shawnee ally with the British during that war. The concepts of land use advocated for by the British caused friction between the Indians and the whites. Notably, the signing of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 which sought to draw a line of territory between the Whites and the Indians sparked a great conflict (Klinck 62). This treaty sought to establish a reserve for the Indians but eventually ended up causing the encroachment by the whites into the areas where the Indians had previously occupied. Additionally, the treaty signed between the British and the Iroquois Confederacy over land use angered the Shawnee who were the native occupants of these lands before they were evicted by the Iroquois Confederacy (Edmunds 22). Thus, these concepts of land will power and land use sparked off conflicts between the Indians and the whites. Tenskwatawa was a Shawnee religious leader who advocated for the Indians to revert to their traditional lifestyle (Edmunds 47). There were various reasons why the teaching by Tenskwatawa became very attractive to the Native Americans. First, these teachings advocated for a return to the traditional ways of living for the Indians. He advocated for the traditional lifestyle that was not influenced by the white cultures (Klinck 50). Additionally, his teachings advocat

International Financial Institutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Financial Institutions - Essay ExampleIt depends on the establishment of the receiving system countries as to the utilization of attention funds and grants. Foreign assistance in the form of aid plays vital role in maturation of an develop country to the extent that they are utilized properly. Government institutions have also a significant role in the utilizing this amount. Good government policies not however help country in its development but also help in utilizing the donors money properly.Existing research e.g. sideburn and Dollar (1997), Mosley, Hudson and Verschoor (2004), Dalgaard, Hansen, and Tarp (2004), Burnside and Dollar (2000) etc. suggests that academicians and scholars stress greatly on the importance of pass catcher countrys policies in the effectiveness of aid. These authors regard aid as highly effective in scantness reduction and economic development only if the recipient countrys policies are growth and development oriented. This suggests t hat although aid can contribute a lot towards economic development and prosperity, the result could be entirely opposite.Burnside and Dollar (1997) strongly opine that foreign aid leads to growth in poor countries with sound economic policies (p4). The authors identify true good policies that lead to long-term growth in recipient countries including open trade regimes, fiscal discipline and avoidance of high inflation (p5). They take typesetters case of Botswana and Indonesia as countries that performed well after receiving foreign aid whereas the countries like Tanzania and Zambia could not perform well. They studied the provision of bilateral aid in the period of shivery War and found that foreign aid provided to countries with poor economic policies such as Tanzania or Zambia was thoroughly wasted whereas it could lead to growth and development in countries with good economic policies. They argue that, in a sound policy environment, aid attracts private investment, whereas in a poor policy environment, it displaces private investment. (p5). Hence, if the recipient countrys economic policies are good or growth oriented, infusion of foreign aid can accelerate the process of economic development. For instance, if the existing policies of a recipient country accentuate open trade environment and encourage private investment, aid can be effective in removing the financial hurdles in the way of industrialization. The element of good and bad government policy is highly evident in the literature. The concept of good economic policy highlights the importance of aid allocation to the areas where it can be the most effective in bringing the desired results. Mosley, Hudson and Verschoor expound that the marginal aid dollar should flow to where its effectiveness is highest, at a lower place the joint influence of existing policies and levels of poverty, not necessarily to where it is high (2004, F218). Hence, the policies of recipient government which are relevant t o the process of aid allocation truly teach the extent to which aid becomes effective in poverty reduction and economic growth or is simply wasted on less important issues. For example, if the finis of aid provision Dalgaard, Hansen, and Tarp sufficiently poor economic management,

Current Trend in Telecommunications Research Paper

Current Trend in Telecommunications - Research Paper Example oneness of the sectors that demonstrate this fact clearly is mobile telecommunications which has been growing tremendously over the last decade all around the world, with competitive entry and the setting up of technological standards playing a key part in dissemination of technology (Gruber 2005). The size of the mobile communications industry is growing by the day and the next set of devices that will be availed to consumers will adopt cutting edge technology for better services at even lower costs. The schooling and growth in technology has been steady from 1G, then 2G, to 3G and now 4G (Mobile Communications, 2007). It was inevitable that these knowledges would lead to 4G Long Term Evolution, as operators all over the world atomic number 18 tending to shift from voice-driven revenue to broadband and to an extent video (Nolle, 2010). As a result, one of the most exciting fields of study in price of current trends in the telecommunications industry is 4G LTE wireless networks, where its history, a detailed description of the technology involved, the most probable future trends, the companies involved, the regulatory issues and finally the implications especially with intercourse to globalization form a good basis of study.Background of Wireless NetworksIt is important to first study the history of wireless technologies that finally led to the development of 4G LTE. The development of mobile communication technologies has been divided into distinct generations. To begin with there was the 1G, which describes the initial analog mobile phone technology examples of which are the NMT and AMPS technologies (Mobile Communications, 2007). 1G cellular wireless system featured analog modulation and was primarily designed to deliver voice-based services. They were the first to use a cellular system and automati discovery switch an on-going call (Arunabha et al, 2010). 2G technology then came about, descr ibed as the first digital mobile phone systems. 2G enabled users to access digital speech services and data capabilities from their devices, albeit to a control extent. Examples of 2G technologies include GSM, IS95 CDMA and PDC. An enhanced version of 2G was then developed and dubbed 2.5G availing considerably high data rates and packet data services. GSM led the way in this with their progress and GPRS systems. This is what is mostly available to many users across the world as of now (Mobile Communications, 2007). 2G technologies brought several advantages mainly including improvement of system capacity and voice quality (Holma et al, 2007). The tertiary generation or 3G/UMTS/W-CDMA are designed to give high speed mobile net profit, quality services and video telephony (Mobile Communications, 2007). In comparison to 2G, 3G provided higher data speeds, better voice capacity and in an altogether new concept, support for advanced applications such as multimedia services. 3G techn ologies enabled better voice services, games, seek and email, streaming multimedia services among others, and thus a clear improvement over 2G (Arunabha et al, 2010). After the 3G technology, operators then envisioned something beyond it they could adopt HSPA, deploy WiMAX or deploy LTE. LTE provided an option for many operators who had not yet adopted 3G to bypass HSPA (Arunabha et al, 2010). When it was conceptualized, it was pictured that 4G would provide never before experienced high speed internet with a high capacity, protocol based service that would be available at lower costs per bit. It was to be a combination of several live technologies optimized for efficacy, including celluart network, wireless LAN, 3G and others, all connected together using relevant

Use of water from underground Essay Example for Free

Use of urine system from under build EssayWater from underground sources has been ill-used for many years to be used in homes, for livestock as well as irrigation. As Howsam (2007) clearly explains, though, the exact way of how piss materialise underground may not be well understood by the people using the water, successful abstraction methods has been used to abstract water from mingled sources and under varying conditions. However, there is need to treat and assess the quality of the ground water before using the water.Generally, the method of interposition will highly depend on the source and the properties of abstracted water. Consequently, for water abstracted from upland reservoir in an atomic number 18a of a sheep farming argona which is known to be soft and to have unacceptable penchant and colour with a pH of 5. 5, its give-and-take strategies will differ from that from a network of pumped wells delivering anaerobic groundwater from a chalk aquifer. This paper thus aims at comparing and contrasting the various treatment strategies that could be used.Quality tests recommended Turbidity mea convinced(predicate) Turbidity of water involves measuring the amount of light that could pass through water this will indicate how cloudy that sample of water is. Turbidity results from particles that be hang up in water being assessed and it is a crucial control measure of how water disinfection has performed. Water turbidity measurement occurs at two varied points at the treatment plant and at the consumer taps. Chemical quality water assessmentThe regulations set by the water Quality of 2000 outlines all the minimum tests that are needed for each chemical as well as physical parameter. The parameters that are measured include but are not limited to colour, odour, taste, ammonium train, aluminium level, iron, manganese, sodium among other chemical properties. An critical aspect in quality assurance of water when using chemical in water treatment i s make sure that the used chemicals are those that are specified and does not harm consumers or change the properties of water. Treating water form upland reservoirTastes and odours In water from the ground bid from sheep reservoir, the taste and the odors come from the hydrogen sulphide and other organic substances together with dissolved minerals such as manganese, iron, zinc and copper. Even though these substances are usually not dangerous in amounts normally found in the many of the groundwater, the presence of these substances could result in consumers refusing such water. Thus, such water has to be treated. Adjustment of PH Adjusting the pH is very important in water treatment especially that those meant for drinking.The removal of coagulation, corrosion and controlling softening all are aspects that assist in adjustment of pH. Stabilizers Waters from the reservoir that is considered to be soft could be hardened slightly through use of cation resin exchange. To improve the l evel of softness in the water, calcium magnesium is added to the water to give the water the right texture Adsorption This is a treatment strategy that involves physical handle that happens when liquids are suspended or dissolved in a matter so that the particles in that water could be adsorbed in an adsorbent medium.In or so cases carbon filters are used as adsorbent medium Pumped wells delivering anaerobic groundwater from a chalk aquifer Ultraviolet treatment This water treatment method uses ultraviolet light in order to disinfect water. That is to decrease the amount of bacterial that is found in the water. Removal of algae The bad taste could be due to toxic or because of odorous algal blooms that could be present in the reservoirs. In many cases, copper sulphate. However, before using chemical treatment, the possible impacts on water reservoir biota (Faust and Aly, 1998).The build-up of chemicals used in water treatment such as copper could have a forbid impact on the downs tream treatment. More so, the quality of water treated has to taken into consideration. Coagulation and flocculation The main application of coagulant as well as flocculant chemicals is removing the suspended and as well the colloidal solids like clays. In particular, coagulate are significant in treating surface waters. The elimination of the solids is attained through aggregating small suspended substances into big flocs.The coagulant as well as the flocculant chemicals at the same time is able to eliminate various organic substances, color and other micro-organisms like bacteria, algae and viruses. The amount and strength of the formed floc is able to be controlled and managed according to the treatment method used. Sedimentation or filtration could be used to abolish the floc. Disinfection Generally, disinfection of water is used alone or as the last step in treatment of water subsequent to either clarification or filtration.In many cases, disinfection is mainly applied to pre vent bacterial, viruses or any other protozoa that could get into the distribution system. Generally, chemicals that are used to disinfect drinking water are strong oxidants like chlorine, ozone as well as hydrogen peroxide. However, the effectiveness of disinfection mostly depends on the sources of water that is being treated. In addition, the effectiveness of disinfection also could be affected by the turbidity of the water, pH and the organic substances.The objective of water treatment processes applied before disinfection ought to result in water that has the utmost level of turbidity and organic substances. Too much particulate substances in water could result in protection of micro-organisms against the disinfection chemicals. Conclusion However, as Howsam (2007) states, all chemicals that are used in water treatment whether in chalk or reservoir, ought to be assessed for possible contaminants and restrictions ought to be known. Generally the main aspect of carrying out water treatment is to ensure that the quality of the water is right and does not adversely impact the consumers.Water treatment chemicals are mainly used in treating water to essentially reduce or remove the cases of waterborne disease, public heath issues, and also to improve the taste and quality of that water. However, as American Water works Association (1997) notes any chemical that is used in treatment of water has to be effective, to produce the desired wishes, should not present any public wellness worry and ought not to result in any chemical or contaminants that exceed drinking water stipulated values.ReferenceAWWA (American Water Works Association) (1997) and ASCE (American Association of polite Engineers) Water Treatment Plant Design, 3rd edition. McGraw-Hill Professional, USA Faust, S and Aly O (1998) Chemistry of Water Treatment, 2nd edition. Ann Arbor Press, Michigan Howsam, P (2007) Bio fouling in swell and Aquifers Water and Environment Journal Volume 2 Issue 2, Pages 209 215 (Available online). Letterman R (2002) Ed). Water Quality and Treatment A Handbook of Community Water Supplies, American Water Works Association, 5th edition. McGraw-Hill Professional, New York

The Cell Cycle Essay Example for Free

The Cell Cycle EssayI. Concept 12.1- Cell air division results in genetically identical daughter carrellsA. Overview1) The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of kiosks or cellphone division. 2) The cell division process is an total part of the cell rung, the life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing p bent cell until its own division into deuce cells.B. cellular Organization of the Genetic Material1) A cells endowment of DNA, its genetic information is called its genome. 2) Before the cell can hotshot out to form genetically identical daughter cells, all of the DNA must be copied and then two copies separated so that each daughter cell ends up with a complete genome. 3) The replication and distribution of DNA is manageable because the DNA molecules are packaged into chromosomes. 4) The nuclei of a human somatic cell (all body cells except the productive cells) each contain 46 chromosomes made up of two sets of 23, one set inherited fro m each parent. 5) Reproductive cells or gametes-sperm and eggs-have half as many another(prenominal) chromosomes as somatic cells, or only one set of 23 chromosomes. 6) eucaryotic chromosomes are made of chromatin, a complex of DNA and associated protein molecules.C. Distribution of Chromosomes During Eukaryotic Cell Division 1) After DNA duplication, the chromosomes condense Each chromatin fiber becomes densely coiled and folded, making the chromosomes much shorter and thick. 2) Each duplicated chromosome has two sister chromatids. The two chromatids, each containing an identical DNA molecule, are initially attached along their lengths by adhesive protein complexes called cohesins. This attachment is known as the sister chromatid cohesion.3) The duplicated chromosome has a narrow waist at the centromere, a specialized region where the two chromatids are most closely attached. 4) Later in the cell division process, the two sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome separate and move into two new nuclei, one forming at each end of the cell. 5) Mitosis, the division of the nucleus is usually founded immediately by cytokinesis, the division of the cytol. 6) You produce gametes by a variation of cell division called meiosis, which yields nonidentical daughter cells that have only one set of chromosomes.II. Concept 12.2- The mitotic shape alternates with interphase in the cell cycleA. Phases of the Cell Cycle1) The mitotic phase (M) phase, which includes both mitosis and cytokinesis, is usually the shortest part of the cell cycle. 2) Mitotic cell division alternates with a much longer layer called interphase, which often accounts for about 90% of the cell. It is during interphase that the cell grows and copies its chromosomes in preparation for cell division. 3) Interphase can be divided into subphases* G1 phase (first gap)* S phase (synthesis)* G2 phase (second gap)4) Mitosis is conventionally broken down into five stages prophase, prometaphase, metapha se, anaphase, and telophase.B. The Mitotic Spindle1) Many of the events in mitosis depend on the mitotic spindle, which begins to form in the cytoplasm during prophase. This construction consists of fibers made from microtubules and associated proteins. 2) In animal cells, the assembly of spindle microtubules starts at the centrosome, a subcellular region containing material that functions throughout the cell cycle to fig out the cells microtubules. 3) An aster, a radial array of short microtubules. The spindle includes the centrosomes, the spindle microtubules, and the asters.4) Each of the two sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome has a kinetochore, a structure of proteins associated with specific sections of chromosomal DNA at the centromere. 5) During prometaphase, the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores which then moves the chromosomes toward the pole from which those microtubules extend. 6) At metaphase, the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosome are on a plane middle(prenominal) between the spindles two poles. This plane is called the metaphase plate.C. Cytokinesis1) Cytokinesis occurs by a process known as cleavage. The first sign of cleavage is the appearance of a cleavage furrow. 2) The contractile ring of actin microfilaments act as drawstrings. The cleavage furrow deepens, until the parent cell is split in two, creating two daughter cells. 3) In launch cells, vesicles from the Golgi apparatus move along microtubules to the middle of the cell, where they coalesce, producing a cell plate.D. Binary Fission1) The asexual reproduction of single-celled eukaryotes includes mitosis and occurs by a type of cell division called binary fission, meaning division in half. 2) Prokaryotes overly reproduce by binary fission, but the prokaryotic process does not direct mitosis. 3) In E. coli, the process of cell division is initiated when the DNA of the bacterial chromosome called the origin of replication, producing two origins. 4) T he origin replicates while the other origin moves to the opposite end of the cell. The cell elongates and replication finishes and a new cell wall is deposited, which in result creates tow daughter cells.E. The Evolution of Mitosis1) Since prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes, mitosis may have evolved from binary fission. 2) accepted protists exhibit types of cell division that seem intermediate between binary fission and mitosis.III. Concept 12.3-The eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by a molecular control systemA. Evidence for Cytoplasmic Signals1) Hypothesis The cell cycle is driven by specific signaling molecules present in the cytoplasm 2) Evidence comes from an experiment where they induced cultured mammalian cells at different phases of the cell cycle to fuse.B. The Cell Cycle Control System1) The sequential events of the cell cycle are directed by a distinct cell cycle control system, a cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates k ey events in the cell cycle. 2) A checkpoint in the cell cycle is a control point where stop and move signals can regulate the cycle (using signal transduction pathways). 3) If a cell receives a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, it will usually complete the G1, S, G2, and M phases and divide. 4) If it does not receive a go-ahead signal at that point, it will exit the cycle, switching into a nondividing state called the G0 phase.C. The Cell Cycle Clock Cyclins and Cyclin Dependent Kinases 1) Rhythmic fluctuations in the abundance and body process if cell cycle control molecules pace the sequential events of the cell cycle. These regulatory molecules are mainly proteins of two types protein kinases and cyclins. 2) Many of the kinases that drive the cell cycle are actually present at a constant concentration in the growing cell, but much of the time they are in inactive form. 3) To be active, such a kinase must be attached to a cyclin, a protein that gets its name from its cyclic ally fluctuating concentration in the cell. 4) Because of this requirement, these kinases are called cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks. 5) The activity of a Cdk fluctuates with changes in the concentration of its cyclin partner. 6) MPF (maturation-promoting factor) is a cyclin-Cdk complex that triggers a cells passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phaseD. Stop and Go Signs Internal and foreign signals at the Checkpoints 1) An example of an internal signal is that kinetochores not attached to spindle microtubules send a molecular signal that delays anaphase 2) A growth factor is a protein released by certain cells that stimulates other cells to divide. 3) Different cell types respond specifically to different growth factors or combinations of growth factors. For example, platelet-derived frpwth factor stimulates the division of a human. 4) The found of an external physical factor on cell division is clearly seen in density-dependent inhibition, a phenomenon in which crowded cel ls stop dividing. 5) Most animal cells also exhibit anchorage dependence. To divide the must be attached to a substratum, such as the inside of a culture jar or the extracellular matrix of a tissue.E. Loss of Cell Cycle Controls in Cancer Cells1) Cancer cells do not heed the normal signals that regulate the cell cycle. They divide excessively and invade other tissues. In addition to their lack of density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependence, cancer cells do not stop dividing when growth factors are depleted. 2) A logical hypothesis is that cancer cells do not need growth factors in their culture medium to grow and divide. 3) The problem of cancer begins when a single cell in a tissue undergoes transformation, the process that converts a normal cell to a cancer cell. The bodys immune system unremarkably recognizes a transformed cell as an insurgent and destroys it. 4) If the abnormal cells remain at the original site, the lump is called a benign tumor. 5) In contrast, a ca ncerous tumor becomes invasive enough to impair the function of one or more organs. These tumors can proliferate and spread to locations distant from their original site in a process called metastasis.

Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay Example for Free

Darwins Theory of organic evolution by Natural Selection EssayThe mechanisms for individuals in a population to survive heterogeneous habitats have been a sinewy debate within the scientific community. The native European Littorina obtusata are a great model organism to study Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. This is because of their vast phe nonypic characteristics, particularly their evolving pillory thickness throughout history due to predatory pressures of the new arrival of Carcinus maenas.Here we psychometric test whether L obtusata three most critical tenants of Darwins theory of evolution by natural selection variation within a population, heritability, and selection. By observant the shell thickness of East edge of N. America L. obtusata where predatory C. maenas are common versus the West Coast of N. America where C. maenas are not found, it will besides provide evidence whether these shell thickness differences are due to natural selection predat ory or phenotypic plasticity occurring. This was tested by placing band crabs in both East and West populations of L. btusata and observing how their shell thickness decreased, make headway proving that L. obtusata cannot sense or smell the presence of C. maenas. These findings provide further evidence for Seeleys research that the accelerating morphological changes of L. obtusata shell thickness was in response to strong selection by C. maenas and not because speciation occurring.Some believe that Darwins theory of evolution by natural selection is operating the morphological breaks found in fossil records within a population. Darwins book On the Origin of Species listed four basic postulates to natural selection there must be variations among individuals in a population, variations must be heritable, survival and reproduction must be variable and non-random (Darwin, 1859). As a result, every generation there will be slight changes in the population.One scientist in particular, R obin Seeley, assay understanding Darwins theory of Natural Selection by studying the thickness of shells of flat periwinkles, Littorina obtusata, of Appledore Island and the new arrival of predatory green crabs, Carcinus maenas. Seeley historied acceleration in natural selection that normally is not observed within the L. obtusata population in response to strong selection by C. maenas. This is because shell thickness affects the survivability and reproduction of L. obtusata when C. maenas claws break them to meal (Trussel, 1996).The observation confirmed that when C. maenas were introduced in the East Coast of N. America, L. obtusata range of shell thickness increased compared to the West Coast of N. America L. obtusata populations where predatory C. maenas were not found (Seeley, 1986). These vast morphological differences in their shell thicknesses was thought to occur because of the C. maenas selection for the thinner-shelled L. obtusata. Seeleys research further showed that sp eciation was not occurring within the intertidal snails as many previous scientists claimed.

Case Study On A Patient With Oesophagitis Nursing Essay

Case Study On A Patient With Oesophagitis Nursing EssayThe persevering was a female, age 89, with a BMI of 15.4 kg/m2 (underweight). Her presenting complaint was nausea and vomiting, bringing up coffee ground vomit, fatigue and loss of appetite since two years ago. Her past medical history included atrial fibrillation, paranoid psychosis and iron deficiency anaemia. She also had a cholestectomy done in year 2000. She was single and lived solo she neither smoked nor drank. in that respect was no relevant family history recorded for her case. On admission she was pickings medication stated in Table 1 be demean-ranking. She was known to be allergic to ciprofloxacin.Table 1 Repeat medication interpreted on admissionDrugDoseDigoxin125 g at once periodicalLisinopril2.5 mg once in the morningFurosemide40 mg once dailyClopidrogel75 mg once dailyQuetiapine fumarate125 mg in two ways dailyTramadol hydrochloride100 mg twice dailyCodeine phosphate60 mg one to be taken as requiredParaceta mol500 mg four times dailyFolic acid5 mg once dailyFerrous fumarate322 mg twice daily (Last prescription dated three months ago)clinical data and diagnosisOn admission, her temperature was 36.4C, pulse was 83 beats per minute, and her blood pressure was 124/46 mmHg. Her telescoped Mental Test (AMT) score was 7 forth of 10, indicating mild confusion. A full blood count, renal function test, liver-colored function test, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) were carried out. Her liver function test came back normal. The ECG showed some ST depression, but the patient denied any chest discomfort. Her haemoglobin levels were low at 9 g/dl (11.5-16.5 g/dl), while platelets were low at 108109/l 150-400109/l). her plasma urea was elevated at 38.2 mmol/l (2.5-7.5 mmol/l), and her creatinine was 273 mol/l (50-80 mol/l for female). Her creatinine dynamic headroom was calculated to be 8.1 ml/min, which indicated severe renal impairment. The diagnosis was acute renal failure, and gastritis or peptic ulcer disease.Clinical progressOn mean solar daytime 1, patient was dehydrated and had some upper abdominal discomfort (Dyspepsia). The plan was to stop tramadol, clopidogrel, lisinopril and furosemide, due to the coffee ground vomit and acute renal failure. Two units of RCC (Red cell concentrate) and IV fluids were given up. A urinary catheter was used to monitor urine output. Patient was continued on ferrous fumarate and given gaviscon 10mls. Quetiapine fumarate was not given as it was not available.On day 3, patient was paranoid as quetiapine fumarate was still not available, haloperidol 1 mg was given as an intramuscular injection according to the hospital guidelines. Her haemoglobin levels were back to normal (12 g/dl) and her creatinine clearance meliorate to 33.3 ml/min measurements were taken again because the values were so different. The catheter was taken out, but she was to receive subcutaneous fluids hourly. Patient was passing black stools. She was given Peptac 10 mls for abdominal discomfort and was scheduled for an endoscopy the next day. Quetiapine fumarate was given on day 4 and patient was taken off haloperidol.On day 6, the patients confusion was thought to be influenced by digoxin levels were checked and base to be 1.1 g/l (0.5-2.0 g/l) however dit of digoxin was decreased to 62.5 g. a rectum examination was conducted to make sure patient was not bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract. The gastroscopy report came back stating patient had grade D oesophagitis (Reflux oesophagitis), that is an extenxive mucosal breaks engaging at least 75% of oesophageal circumference. She was also fix to have a large chronic duodenal ulcer, non-bleeding with visible vessels. The plan was to saltation the patient on IV proton-pump inhibitor (PPI, pantoprazole 8 mg/hr) for 72 hours, oral omeprazole 20 mg daily, and eradicate H. pylori if infection was present (CLO test).On day 9, the CLO test came back negative. Patient was taken off IV PPI an d put onto oral PPI (omeprazole 40 mg daily). A repeat endoscopy was scheduled for the week aft(prenominal).Disease OverviewPrevalenceOesophagitis is the inflammation of the lining of the oesophagus, usually caused by irritation due to jut acid ebb.1,2 It is included under the boarder term of gastro-oesophageal ebbing disease (GORD), which also includes endoscopy-negative reflux disease.3 In the UK, there is a 28.7% prevalence of GORD, and the risk is found to increase with age, especially for those over 40 years of age. There is an estimated of over 50% of GORD patients between 45 and 60 years of age.4 About 25 to 40% of people with GORD atomic number 18 found to have oesophagitis on endoscopy.5Pathophysiology, risk and diagnosisAcid reflux can occur because of incompetence of the lower oesophageal sphincter, a transient complete relaxation resulting from a failed swallow, that is, a swallow without the usual peristalsis wave (Found in 65% of patients). It can also be caused by a transient increase in intra-abdominal pressure (17% of patients), or a spontaneous free reflux due to the lower oesophageal sphincter having a low resting pressure (18% of patients).6Possible risk factors for GORD are pregnancy, excess alcohol consumption, smoking and hiatus hernia. Obesity is thought to be a risk factor, as substantially as certain foods like onions, citrus fruits and coffee. Drugs that are thought to relax the lower oesophageal sphincter like calcium channel blockers are thought to extend a role in promoting GORD. There is however very limited evidence to support these claims.4,5 It is now thought that more than 50% of GORD risk is genetic, as it is found that a first degree relative of a person with GORD is four times more at risk of getting the disease.4Diagnosis of GORD is ground importantly on the patients symptoms, predominantly acid regurgitation or heartburn.7 An endoscopy is usually the main diagnostic procedure done to confirm GORD.Pharmacological give-and-takes and mechanisms of actionThe main drug used for this disease is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI). PPIs are one of the most prescribed drugs for the treatment of acid-peptic diseases, including GORD and peptic ulcer disease.8,9 They are substituted 2-pyridyl methysulfinyl benzimidazoles, with pKa around 4, and have a very short plasma half life of one to two hours. They are weak bases that are lipophilic, which allows them to cross the membranes of the parietal cells easily. Once inside the parietal cells, where the pH value is less than 4, they protonate into the activated tetracyclic sulphenamide form of the drug and accumulate inside the cells. Here they form covalent bonds with the cysteine residues in the hydrogen/potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase) enzymes, forming disulphide bonds, inhibiting the acid secretion activity of the pump irreversibly. Due to the covalent bonds, their duration of action exceeds their plasma half life. To resume acid product ion, the parietal cells must wherefore generate, or activate, new proton pumps.8,9 Examples of PPIs are omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole, the last of which has a pKa of 5, and is activated at a broader range of pH compared to the other three, leading to a higher acid-suppression activity.The crude side-effects of PPIs are nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and headache. Diarrhea seems to occur because of a change in the gut flora brought about by the PPI, and appears to be age-related.8 PPIs, especially omeprazole, are known to alter the activity of cytochrome P in the liver, an important consideration for patients taking drugs with narrow therapeutic windows like warfarin and phenytoin. They also cause a prominent gastric pH increase, and are able to inhibit or decrease the absorption of weak bases that require acid for absorption, like iron salts, griseofulvin, and vitamin B12.8former(a) drugs that may be used in this case are H2 receptor antagonists, whic h inhibit the secretion of acid by stopping histamine from binding to the H2 receptors on the parietal cells and prokinetic drugs, usual examples like cisapride, metoclopramide and domperidone, which work by increasing the pressure of the lower oesophageal sphincter, and accelerating gastric emptying.10Evidence for treatment of the conditionThe National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines state that, for the management of oesophagitis on endoscopy, patients are to be given full dose PPI for one to two months. If there is a response to the treatment, low dose PPI is given, probably on an as required basis. If there is no response, the dose of PPI is doubled for another month, before switching to low dose PPI. If there is no response to the doubled dose of PPI, treatment is then switched to a histamine H2 receptor antagonist or a prokinetic.11Klinkenberg-Knol EC et al1 compared the effects of omeprazole and ranitidine in a randomise, double-blind, endoscop ically-controlled trial done on patients with reflux oesophagitis. Omeprazole was given at a dose of 60 mg daily while ranitidine was given at 150 mg twice daily. The symptoms were evaluated before starting the trial, and at the second, fourth and eighth week. Endoscopy was done at the start of the trial, and repeated during week 4, with another after 8 weeks if there was an absence of improve at week 4. For patients taking omeprazole, 19 out of 25 patients improved from Grade 2 or 3 (erosions or ulcerations) to Grade 0 or 1 (erythema and friability)12 after 4 weeks while for patients taking ranitidine 7 out of 26 showed similar improvement (P = 0.002). At week 8, corresponding improvement was shown in 22 out of 25 for the omeprazole group, and 10 out of 26 for the ranitidine group (P = 0.001). Omeprazole showed a significantly higher meliorate rate, which was reflected in a better improvement of reflux symptoms as well. Patients receiving omeprazole experienced a more profound an d faster relief of heartburn, which was the most common symptom complained by the patients (P = 0.0001). After 2 weeks, 92% (23 out of 25 patients) of patients receiving omeprazole reported that their reflux symptoms were either gone or had improved, while only 65 % (17 out of 26) of the ranitidine group reported the same (P = 0.01). This reflect however, only showed the superiority of omeprazole over ranitidine in the short term treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Further studies were needed to evaluate the effects of omeprazole in long term management and at a lower dose.Havelund T et al12 performed a double blind study on patients with Grade 1, 2 and 3 reflux oesophagitis. Patients were allocated randomly in this study to a treatment with omeprazole (40 mg once daily), and ranitidine (150 twice daily), for a period of 12 weeks. It was found that patients treated with omeprazole had a faster response to the treatment than those taking ranitidine (P 0.0001). For the omeprazole grou p, healing rates were reported at 4, 8 and 12 weeks to be 90%, 100% and 100% respectively for those with Grade 1 reflux oesophagitis. For Grade 2 and 3, corresponding healing rates were 70%, 85% amd 91%. While for the ranitidine group, healing rates were 55%, 79% and 88% for Grade 1, and 26%, 44% and 54% for Grade 2 and 3. This pointed to a superiority of omeprazole at a lower dose (40 mg) over ranitidine. Sandmark S et al13 did a similar study, but with an omeprazole dose of 20 mg daily. Healing of oesophagitis was targeted in this study to be a complete healing of all ulcerative and erosive lesions in the oesophagus. At 4 weeks, healing rates were shown to be 67% in the patients taking omeprazole and 31% in those taking ranitidine (P 0.0001). Corresponding healing rates were 85% (Omeprazole group) and 50% (Ranitidine group) after 8 weeks (P 0.0001). This was also reflected in a more profound and faster- improvement in reflux symptoms in the patients taking omeprazole (51% by th e end of the first week compared to 27% for patients taking ranitidine).Robinson M et al14 conducted a study to compare, in patients with erosive oesophagitis the efficacy and tolerability of omeprazole at a dose of 20 mg daily to ranitidine at a dose of 150 mg twice daily together with a prokinetic drug metoclopramide at a dose of 10 mg four times daily. It was found that healing rates for omeprazole were significantly greater than that for ranitidine in combination with metoclopramide. Omeprazole also provided a more profound relief for patients with reflux symptoms. More side effects and treatment-related withdrawals were found among the patients allocated the ranitidine-metoclopramide combination. Omeprazole was thus found to be more effective and better tolerated. Iskedjian M and Einarson TR conducted a meta-analysis15 of the three drugs cisapride, omeprazole and ranitidine for GORD treatment. At 12 weeks, 95% of patients were cured in the omeprazole group (40 mg daily), 81% in the ranitidine group (600 mg daily), and approximately 60% in the cisapride group (40 mg daily). In mild GORD, healing rate was 56% for cisapride versus 38% for ranitidine, while healing rates for cisapride and omeprazole showed no significant difference. In severe GORD, the healing rate for cisapride was only a half of that of omeprazole (43% versus 87%), while showing no significant difference when compared to that of ranitidine (50%). Thus it was concluded that omeprazole is favoured for treating severe GORD, while cisapride may be that of mild GORD.Vigneri S et al16 compared 5 living therapies after an initial treatment of omeprazole 40 mg daily for 1 to 2 months, and healing was confirmed by endoscopy. Patients were then randomly assigned 12 months of treatment in the 5 following groups cisapride (10 mg three times daily), ranitidine (150 mg three times daily), omeprazole (20 mg daily), ranitidine and cisapride, or omeprazole and cisapride. At 12 months 54% of the cisapride g roup, 49% of the ranitidine group, 80% of the omeprazole group, 66% of the ranitidine-cisapride group, and 89% of the omeprazole-cisapride group were found to be in remission at 12 months of maintenance therapy. Omeprazole showed a significantly better efficacy than cisapride (P = 0.02), and ranitidine (P = 0.003). Ranitidine-cisapride combination therapy was found to show a more profound improvement than ranitidine alone (P = 0.05). Omeprazole-cisapride combination therapy showed better efficacy than cisapride (P = 0.003), ranitidine (P 0.001), and also ranitidine and cisapride combination therapy (P = 0.03). Omeprazole as monotherapy or in combination with cisapride is found to be more effective for maintenance therapy of reflux oesophagitis, compared to ranitidine or cisapride alone. Omeprazole in combination with cisapride shows more efficacy than ranitidine and cisapride.The effects of newer PPIs lansoprazole (30 mg daily), rabeprazole (20 mg daily) and pantoprazole (40 mg dai ly) were compared with that of omeprazole (20 mg daily), ranitidine (300mg daily) and placebo in randomised clinical trials brought together by Caro JJ et al.17 The healing rate ratios noted for the newer PPIs as well as omeprazole were as follow lansoprazole 1.62 rabeprazole 1.36 pantoprazole 1.60 and omeprazole 1.58. There was a greater decrease in the heartburn symptoms in patients taking PPIs than those taking ranitidine (P 0.002), as well as in the healing of ulcers (P 0.05), and lapsing (P 0,01). Compared to placebo, the PPIs obtained a much more profound relief of reflux symptoms (P 0.01), healing of ulcers (P 0.001) and relapse (P 0.006). From this study, it was found that there is not much difference between the newer PPIs and omeprazole when it comes to relief of reflux symptoms, ulcer healing and rate of relapse, while all PPIs are better than ranitidine and of course, placebo in terms of treatment for erosive oesophagitis.Kahrilas PJ et al18 compared esomeprazole and omeprazole efficacies in reflux oesophagitis patients. It was found that more patients (P 0.05) on esomeprazole 40 mg and esmoprazole 20 mg were healed after 8 weeks of treatment compared to omeprazole (94.1% and 89.9% compared to 86.9%). Adverse effects were common in twain treatments. Esomeprazole was found to have a greater efficacy compared to omeprazole in reflux oesophagitis and both have a similar tolerability profile. Rohss K et al19 showed that esomeprazole at 40 mg daily had better acid control than omeprazole 40 mg daily. Since maintenance of intragastric pH 4 is important for the effective management of GORD, the mean percentage of a 24 hour period with intragastric pH 4 was taken as an indication of the efficacy of the treatments. Measurements were taken on day 1 and day 5, and on both days esomeprazole showed a greater mean percentage (P 0.001) at 48.6% and 68.4% versus 40.6% and 62.0% for omeprazole.Wahlqvist P et al20 compared,from the perspective of the Nat ional Health Service (NHS),the cost effectiveness of the actue treatment of esomeprazole (40 mg daily) with omeprazole (20 mg daily) in reflux oesophagitis patients.It was estimated that, taking into consideration of the healing probabilities over 8 weeks, treatment with esomeprazole saves up toa total of 1290 pounds compared to treatment with omeprazole. Esomeprazole was found to provide a greater effectiveness at a lower cost. This is reflected in another study conducted by Plumb JM and Edwards SJ,21 which found that esomeprazole is cost effective in comparison to all other PPIs for the treatment of reflux oesophagitis.ConclusionThe treatment given to this patient was appropriate in terms of the algorithms stated in the NICE guidelines she was started on a full dose PPI after eosophagitis was confirmed on the endoscopy. As stated above, PPIs are proven to have superior effects in comparison with histamine H2 receptor antagonists and prokinetic drugs, both providing relief of reflu x symptoms but not healing the oesophagitis itself.10 Among all the PPIs currently available, esomeprazole, the S-isomer of omeprazole, has been found to show more improvement than all other PPIs. Current studies have shown that the treatment of reflux oesophagitis with esomeprazole is more cost effective than treatments using any other PPI, providing a greater healing rate at a lower cost. Thus it might be in the interest of the NHS to treat this patient with esomeprazole than omeprazole.(2271 words)